TY  - CONF
AU  - Milovanović, Jelena
AU  - Ilić, Bojan
AU  - Makarov, Slobodan
AU  - Đorđević Aleksić, Jelena
AU  - Stevanović, Aleksandra
AU  - Malešević, Anastasija
AU  - Vuković-Gačić, Branka
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2178
AB  - INTRODUCTION:
Different orders within the class Diplopoda possess a variety of chemical compounds in their defense secretions: quinones, phenolics, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, alkaloids, cyanogenic compounds. Defensive secretions of species from the order Julida are regarded as the most complex within Diplopoda, and they are blends of several classes of chemical com- pounds: quinones, esters and ketones. Numerous biological activities of these secretions have been reported: antimicrobial, antioxidative, antineurodegenerative, cytotoxic and embryotoxic on zebrafish. Besides zebrafish embryos, Artemia salina is one of the common model organisms in toxicity assessment which has not been used for screening of toxicity of millipedes’ defensive secretions.
OBJECTIVES:
The main goal of this study was to examine the toxic effects of defensive secretions of two species from the order Julida [Megaphyllum bosniense (MBO) and M. unilineatum (MUN)] using Artemia salina (ARC test).
METHOD / DESIGN:
Adult individuals of M. bosniense were collected during April and May of 2021 on Mt. Avala, near Belgrade, while adults of M. unilineatum were collected during the same period in the Krnjača, suburb of Belgrade. After the capture, millipedes were kept in plastic boxes containing ground cover from the collecting site. The boxes were regularly sprayed with water to maintain high humidity. Due to the fact that the sample was female-biased, defensive secretions of female specimens were used for further analyses. Excretion of defensive secretions was elicited from glands of mentioned species via mechanical stress in closed glass vials. Secretions collected from both species were dissolved in 10 ml of hexane, concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator (Rotavapor R-210, Buchi) at 40°C to a dry residue, and redissolved in 50% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The stock concentration of extracts used in ARC test was 20 mg/mL. Before treatments, eggs of A. salina were incubated for 72h with constant lighting and aeration. For the purposes of the experiment, stage II and III larvae were used (separated by phototaxis in 300 ml of seawater). In a plate with 24 wells, 900 μl of seawater with larvae (10-15 per well) was placed and then 100 μl of tested extracts (range of concentrations 0,1 mg/mL - 0,003125 mg/mL) was added. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was used as a positive control and DMSO was used as solvent control. The total number of individuals per well was counted after 24h and 48h, as well as the number of living and dead individuals. These data were used for esti- mation of survival rate and determination of LC50 value. The experiment was done in triplicate.
RESULTS:
Our results show that secretions from both species exhibit a toxic effect on the survival of the chosen model organism, with the MBO extract showing weaker activity in comparison with MUN extract. The LC50 value after 24h was about the same for both species (LC50=73,23 μg/mL for MBO and LC50=68,56 μg/mL for MUN). The LC50 value for MBO after 48h was 47,18 μg/ mL, while LC50 value in the same period for MUN was 29,12 μg/mL. Positive control (LC50= 13,5 μg/mL) showed three times stronger effects in relation to MBO and twice as strong when compared to MUN extract. It has also been shown that the num- ber of surviving individuals decreases with increasing concentration of tested extracts and the increasing incubation time.
CONCLUSIONS:
The defense secretions of both tested millipede species show toxic effects in the ARC test. It is shown that MBO extract has a weaker toxic effect than the MUN extract. This result can be linked with the fact that esters of long-chain fatty acids are dominant compounds in MBO, while MUN is almost exclusively benzoquinone-based. Esters detected in MBO are generally regarded as low-toxic compounds, but with the potential to interact with compounds from other chemical classes. However, as MBO achieved toxic effects and many esters that are detected in MBO are new natural products and their biological potential is unknown, further extensive studies are needed to determine their toxicological potential.
PB  - The International Bioscience Conference (2021; Novi Sad)
C3  - International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021
T1  - Acute toxicity assessment of defense secretions of Megaphyllum bosniense (Verhoeff, 1897) and M. unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda, Julida) on Artemia salina.
EP  - 54
SP  - 53
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2178
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milovanović, Jelena and Ilić, Bojan and Makarov, Slobodan and Đorđević Aleksić, Jelena and Stevanović, Aleksandra and Malešević, Anastasija and Vuković-Gačić, Branka",
year = "2021",
abstract = "INTRODUCTION:
Different orders within the class Diplopoda possess a variety of chemical compounds in their defense secretions: quinones, phenolics, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, alkaloids, cyanogenic compounds. Defensive secretions of species from the order Julida are regarded as the most complex within Diplopoda, and they are blends of several classes of chemical com- pounds: quinones, esters and ketones. Numerous biological activities of these secretions have been reported: antimicrobial, antioxidative, antineurodegenerative, cytotoxic and embryotoxic on zebrafish. Besides zebrafish embryos, Artemia salina is one of the common model organisms in toxicity assessment which has not been used for screening of toxicity of millipedes’ defensive secretions.
OBJECTIVES:
The main goal of this study was to examine the toxic effects of defensive secretions of two species from the order Julida [Megaphyllum bosniense (MBO) and M. unilineatum (MUN)] using Artemia salina (ARC test).
METHOD / DESIGN:
Adult individuals of M. bosniense were collected during April and May of 2021 on Mt. Avala, near Belgrade, while adults of M. unilineatum were collected during the same period in the Krnjača, suburb of Belgrade. After the capture, millipedes were kept in plastic boxes containing ground cover from the collecting site. The boxes were regularly sprayed with water to maintain high humidity. Due to the fact that the sample was female-biased, defensive secretions of female specimens were used for further analyses. Excretion of defensive secretions was elicited from glands of mentioned species via mechanical stress in closed glass vials. Secretions collected from both species were dissolved in 10 ml of hexane, concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator (Rotavapor R-210, Buchi) at 40°C to a dry residue, and redissolved in 50% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The stock concentration of extracts used in ARC test was 20 mg/mL. Before treatments, eggs of A. salina were incubated for 72h with constant lighting and aeration. For the purposes of the experiment, stage II and III larvae were used (separated by phototaxis in 300 ml of seawater). In a plate with 24 wells, 900 μl of seawater with larvae (10-15 per well) was placed and then 100 μl of tested extracts (range of concentrations 0,1 mg/mL - 0,003125 mg/mL) was added. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was used as a positive control and DMSO was used as solvent control. The total number of individuals per well was counted after 24h and 48h, as well as the number of living and dead individuals. These data were used for esti- mation of survival rate and determination of LC50 value. The experiment was done in triplicate.
RESULTS:
Our results show that secretions from both species exhibit a toxic effect on the survival of the chosen model organism, with the MBO extract showing weaker activity in comparison with MUN extract. The LC50 value after 24h was about the same for both species (LC50=73,23 μg/mL for MBO and LC50=68,56 μg/mL for MUN). The LC50 value for MBO after 48h was 47,18 μg/ mL, while LC50 value in the same period for MUN was 29,12 μg/mL. Positive control (LC50= 13,5 μg/mL) showed three times stronger effects in relation to MBO and twice as strong when compared to MUN extract. It has also been shown that the num- ber of surviving individuals decreases with increasing concentration of tested extracts and the increasing incubation time.
CONCLUSIONS:
The defense secretions of both tested millipede species show toxic effects in the ARC test. It is shown that MBO extract has a weaker toxic effect than the MUN extract. This result can be linked with the fact that esters of long-chain fatty acids are dominant compounds in MBO, while MUN is almost exclusively benzoquinone-based. Esters detected in MBO are generally regarded as low-toxic compounds, but with the potential to interact with compounds from other chemical classes. However, as MBO achieved toxic effects and many esters that are detected in MBO are new natural products and their biological potential is unknown, further extensive studies are needed to determine their toxicological potential.",
publisher = "The International Bioscience Conference (2021; Novi Sad)",
journal = "International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021",
title = "Acute toxicity assessment of defense secretions of Megaphyllum bosniense (Verhoeff, 1897) and M. unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda, Julida) on Artemia salina.",
pages = "54-53",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2178"
}

Milovanović, J., Ilić, B., Makarov, S., Đorđević Aleksić, J., Stevanović, A., Malešević, A.,& Vuković-Gačić, B.. (2021). Acute toxicity assessment of defense secretions of Megaphyllum bosniense (Verhoeff, 1897) and M. unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda, Julida) on Artemia salina.. in International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021
The International Bioscience Conference (2021; Novi Sad)., 53-54.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2178

Milovanović J, Ilić B, Makarov S, Đorđević Aleksić J, Stevanović A, Malešević A, Vuković-Gačić B. Acute toxicity assessment of defense secretions of Megaphyllum bosniense (Verhoeff, 1897) and M. unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda, Julida) on Artemia salina.. in International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021. 2021;:53-54.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2178 .

Milovanović, Jelena, Ilić, Bojan, Makarov, Slobodan, Đorđević Aleksić, Jelena, Stevanović, Aleksandra, Malešević, Anastasija, Vuković-Gačić, Branka, "Acute toxicity assessment of defense secretions of Megaphyllum bosniense (Verhoeff, 1897) and M. unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda, Julida) on Artemia salina." in International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021 (2021):53-54,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2178 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đorđević Aleksić, Jelena
AU  - Stevanović, Aleksandra
AU  - Malešević, Anastasija
AU  - Vuković-Gačić, Branka
AU  - Milovanović, Jelena
AU  - Ilić, Bojan
AU  - Makarov, Slobodan
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2177
AB  - INTRODUCTION:
In recent years, the emphasis of the scientific community has been placed on the invention of new antimicrobial agents due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. However, serious global health concern is focused on bacterial biofilms, a complex structure of a microbiome made up of colonies of bacteria or individual bacterial cells in a group, attached to a surface. Bacterial biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and grow on the surfaces of medical implants such as sutures, catheters, and dental implants. Given that plants and animals are a valuable source of natural biologically active products, they are a good basis for finding new antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. Bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aerug- inosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus are known for biofilm production and cause opportunistic and chronic infections in humans, some of which are due to biofilm production. Due to their characteristic way of life, millipedes (Diplopoda) are char- acterized by a diverse and complex defense against predators, which includes the secretion of various chemical compounds that are toxic, repellent, or tasteless to predators. Analyzes have shown that millipedes produce chemical compounds such as phenols, alkaloids, quinones, terpenoids, cyanogenic compounds, and fatty acid esters, which showed antimicrobial ac- tivity, among other. Representatives of the order Julida, which are frequent in Republic of Serbia, produce defense secretions that are chemically very complex (the most complex within Diplopoda) and exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and neurode- generative potential, so they represent a good basis for the invention of new antibiofilm agents.
OBJECTIVES:
Objectives are to determine the inhibition of biofilm formation and degradation of the formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and S. aureus by defense secretions of selected millipede species from the family Julidae as well as to determine their anti- microbial activity.
METHOD / DESIGN:
Biofilm formation was quantified by the crystal violet staining method, while antimicrobial activity was examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test.
RESULTS:
Defensive secretions of Megaphyllum unilineatum (MUN), Pachyiulus hungaricus (PHU), and Cylindroiulus boleti (CBO) showedantimicrobial activity against S. aureus with MIC values of 0.03, 0.06, and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. On P. aeruginosa PAO1, defense secretions did not show antimicrobial activity even at the highest tested concentration of 1 mg/mL for MUN while for PHU and CBO the MIC was 1 mg/mL, which is most likely due to the high resistance of this bacterial strain. The antibiofilm effect was observed in all tested defense secretions and was more pronounced against S. aureus than against P. aeruginosa PAO1. The strongest biofilm inhibition of S. aureus was at the highest tested concentrations (2 × MIC) with percentages of inhibition of CBO: 88.6%, PHU: 73.7%, and MUN: 67.2%. Degradation of already formed S. aureus biofilm was shown at lower tested defensive secretions concentrations (MIC/4), about 40% of biofilm degradation for MUN and PHU and about 30% for CBO. The strongest inhibition of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation was observed at the highest tested concentrations of defensive secretions, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL for PHU (82 and 54%), and CBO (64.3 and 38.5%) while MUN had the strongest activity at the lowest tested concentration of 0.06 mg/mL (34.3%). All examined defense secretions had similar degradation activity of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm with stronger activity at lower tested concentrations (about 30%). Defensive secretions of MUN and PHU extracted in DMSO solvent showed a stronger antibiofilm effect compared to the same ethanol extracts.
CONCLUSIONS:
The defense secretions of MBO, PHU, and CBO show a good basis for further investigations of their use as antimicrobial agents, especially against S. aureus.
PB  - Joint international PSU-UNS Bioscience Conference
C3  - International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021
T1  - Defensive secretions of millipedes Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838), Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Cylindroiulus boleti (C. L. Koch, 1847) (Diplopoda, Julida) as antimicrobial agents in the inhibition of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus
EP  - 147
SP  - 146
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2177
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đorđević Aleksić, Jelena and Stevanović, Aleksandra and Malešević, Anastasija and Vuković-Gačić, Branka and Milovanović, Jelena and Ilić, Bojan and Makarov, Slobodan",
year = "2021",
abstract = "INTRODUCTION:
In recent years, the emphasis of the scientific community has been placed on the invention of new antimicrobial agents due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. However, serious global health concern is focused on bacterial biofilms, a complex structure of a microbiome made up of colonies of bacteria or individual bacterial cells in a group, attached to a surface. Bacterial biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and grow on the surfaces of medical implants such as sutures, catheters, and dental implants. Given that plants and animals are a valuable source of natural biologically active products, they are a good basis for finding new antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. Bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aerug- inosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus are known for biofilm production and cause opportunistic and chronic infections in humans, some of which are due to biofilm production. Due to their characteristic way of life, millipedes (Diplopoda) are char- acterized by a diverse and complex defense against predators, which includes the secretion of various chemical compounds that are toxic, repellent, or tasteless to predators. Analyzes have shown that millipedes produce chemical compounds such as phenols, alkaloids, quinones, terpenoids, cyanogenic compounds, and fatty acid esters, which showed antimicrobial ac- tivity, among other. Representatives of the order Julida, which are frequent in Republic of Serbia, produce defense secretions that are chemically very complex (the most complex within Diplopoda) and exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and neurode- generative potential, so they represent a good basis for the invention of new antibiofilm agents.
OBJECTIVES:
Objectives are to determine the inhibition of biofilm formation and degradation of the formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and S. aureus by defense secretions of selected millipede species from the family Julidae as well as to determine their anti- microbial activity.
METHOD / DESIGN:
Biofilm formation was quantified by the crystal violet staining method, while antimicrobial activity was examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test.
RESULTS:
Defensive secretions of Megaphyllum unilineatum (MUN), Pachyiulus hungaricus (PHU), and Cylindroiulus boleti (CBO) showedantimicrobial activity against S. aureus with MIC values of 0.03, 0.06, and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. On P. aeruginosa PAO1, defense secretions did not show antimicrobial activity even at the highest tested concentration of 1 mg/mL for MUN while for PHU and CBO the MIC was 1 mg/mL, which is most likely due to the high resistance of this bacterial strain. The antibiofilm effect was observed in all tested defense secretions and was more pronounced against S. aureus than against P. aeruginosa PAO1. The strongest biofilm inhibition of S. aureus was at the highest tested concentrations (2 × MIC) with percentages of inhibition of CBO: 88.6%, PHU: 73.7%, and MUN: 67.2%. Degradation of already formed S. aureus biofilm was shown at lower tested defensive secretions concentrations (MIC/4), about 40% of biofilm degradation for MUN and PHU and about 30% for CBO. The strongest inhibition of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation was observed at the highest tested concentrations of defensive secretions, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL for PHU (82 and 54%), and CBO (64.3 and 38.5%) while MUN had the strongest activity at the lowest tested concentration of 0.06 mg/mL (34.3%). All examined defense secretions had similar degradation activity of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm with stronger activity at lower tested concentrations (about 30%). Defensive secretions of MUN and PHU extracted in DMSO solvent showed a stronger antibiofilm effect compared to the same ethanol extracts.
CONCLUSIONS:
The defense secretions of MBO, PHU, and CBO show a good basis for further investigations of their use as antimicrobial agents, especially against S. aureus.",
publisher = "Joint international PSU-UNS Bioscience Conference",
journal = "International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021",
title = "Defensive secretions of millipedes Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838), Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Cylindroiulus boleti (C. L. Koch, 1847) (Diplopoda, Julida) as antimicrobial agents in the inhibition of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus",
pages = "147-146",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2177"
}

Đorđević Aleksić, J., Stevanović, A., Malešević, A., Vuković-Gačić, B., Milovanović, J., Ilić, B.,& Makarov, S.. (2021). Defensive secretions of millipedes Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838), Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Cylindroiulus boleti (C. L. Koch, 1847) (Diplopoda, Julida) as antimicrobial agents in the inhibition of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus. in International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021
Joint international PSU-UNS Bioscience Conference., 146-147.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2177

Đorđević Aleksić J, Stevanović A, Malešević A, Vuković-Gačić B, Milovanović J, Ilić B, Makarov S. Defensive secretions of millipedes Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838), Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Cylindroiulus boleti (C. L. Koch, 1847) (Diplopoda, Julida) as antimicrobial agents in the inhibition of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus. in International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021. 2021;:146-147.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2177 .

Đorđević Aleksić, Jelena, Stevanović, Aleksandra, Malešević, Anastasija, Vuković-Gačić, Branka, Milovanović, Jelena, Ilić, Bojan, Makarov, Slobodan, "Defensive secretions of millipedes Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838), Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Cylindroiulus boleti (C. L. Koch, 1847) (Diplopoda, Julida) as antimicrobial agents in the inhibition of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus" in International Bioscience Conference and the 8th International PSU – UNS Bioscience Conference – IBSC2021 (2021):146-147,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2177 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paunesku, Tatjana
AU  - Stevanović, Aleksandra
AU  - Popović, Jelena
AU  - Woloschak, Gayle E.
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1512
AB  - Purpose: Carcinogenic effects of radiation are often assumed to be universally understood, more often than, for example, carcinogenic effects of many different chemicals. This in turn leads to an assumption that any dose of radiation, delivered at any dose rate, poses a serious health challenge. This remains an issue of dispute and low dose radiation research is focused on understanding whether these exposures contribute to cancer incidence. This review is focused on the low linear energy transfer (low LET) radiation exposures for which the data is the most abundant in recent years. Materials and methods: Review of the literature between 2008 and today, highlighting some of the most diverse studies in low dose research. Results: Low dose and low dose rate, low LET ionizing radiation animal studies suggest that the effects of exposure very much depend on animal genotype and health status. Conclusions: Only the integration of all of the data from different models and studies will lead to a fuller understanding of low dose radiation effects. Therefore, we hope to see an increase in international archival efforts and exchange of raw data information opening the possibilities for new types of meta analyses.
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd, Abingdon
T2  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
T1  - Effects of low dose and low dose rate low linear energy transfer radiation on animals - review of recent studies relevant for carcinogenesis
EP  - 768
IS  - 6
SP  - 757
VL  - 97
DO  - 10.1080/09553002.2020.1859155
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Paunesku, Tatjana and Stevanović, Aleksandra and Popović, Jelena and Woloschak, Gayle E.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Purpose: Carcinogenic effects of radiation are often assumed to be universally understood, more often than, for example, carcinogenic effects of many different chemicals. This in turn leads to an assumption that any dose of radiation, delivered at any dose rate, poses a serious health challenge. This remains an issue of dispute and low dose radiation research is focused on understanding whether these exposures contribute to cancer incidence. This review is focused on the low linear energy transfer (low LET) radiation exposures for which the data is the most abundant in recent years. Materials and methods: Review of the literature between 2008 and today, highlighting some of the most diverse studies in low dose research. Results: Low dose and low dose rate, low LET ionizing radiation animal studies suggest that the effects of exposure very much depend on animal genotype and health status. Conclusions: Only the integration of all of the data from different models and studies will lead to a fuller understanding of low dose radiation effects. Therefore, we hope to see an increase in international archival efforts and exchange of raw data information opening the possibilities for new types of meta analyses.",
publisher = "Taylor & Francis Ltd, Abingdon",
journal = "International Journal of Radiation Biology",
title = "Effects of low dose and low dose rate low linear energy transfer radiation on animals - review of recent studies relevant for carcinogenesis",
pages = "768-757",
number = "6",
volume = "97",
doi = "10.1080/09553002.2020.1859155"
}

Paunesku, T., Stevanović, A., Popović, J.,& Woloschak, G. E.. (2021). Effects of low dose and low dose rate low linear energy transfer radiation on animals - review of recent studies relevant for carcinogenesis. in International Journal of Radiation Biology
Taylor & Francis Ltd, Abingdon., 97(6), 757-768.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1859155

Paunesku T, Stevanović A, Popović J, Woloschak GE. Effects of low dose and low dose rate low linear energy transfer radiation on animals - review of recent studies relevant for carcinogenesis. in International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2021;97(6):757-768.
doi:10.1080/09553002.2020.1859155 .

Paunesku, Tatjana, Stevanović, Aleksandra, Popović, Jelena, Woloschak, Gayle E., "Effects of low dose and low dose rate low linear energy transfer radiation on animals - review of recent studies relevant for carcinogenesis" in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 97, no. 6 (2021):757-768,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1859155 . .