In Vivo Potential of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil and Synergistic Combination of Linalool:Estragole to Control Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes
Authors
Štrbac, Filip
Bosco, Antonio
Amadesi, Alessandra
Rinaldi, Laura
Stojanović, Dragica
Simin, Nataša

Orčić, Dejan
Pušić, Ivan
Krnjajić, Slobodan

Ratajac, Radomir
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Economic losses caused by sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are increasing nowadays due to the development of anthelmintic resistance, therefore requiring a search for alternatives. In doing so, field testing of new potential substances provides credible and realistic insight of current possibility of their use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anthelmintic potential of thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (EO) and synergistic combination of two compounds, linalool:estragole on days 7 and 14 post-treatment using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). The experiment was conducted on two separate farms located in southern Italy, whereby the total number of sheep (n=96, n=48 per farm) was divided into four groups on each farm (n=12). Groups received the following treatments perorally: G1 – 100 mg kg-1 T. vulgaris; G2 – 100 mg kg-1 linalool:estragole; G3 – standard dose of fenbendazole and G4 – 50 ml per animal of sunflower oil. Main compounds of thyme EO ide...ntified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were p-cymene (41.72%), thymol (31.59%) and α-terpineol (11.71%), and the coproculture examination showed the presence of four genera of sheep GIN on tested farms: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Chabertia. In total, results of the FECRT showed
the following reductions of GIN eggs on day 7: 24.95% (T. vulgaris); 24.64% (linalool:estragole) and 82.49% (fenbendazole). On day 14, reductions of GIN eggs were: 23.72% (T. vulgaris), 25.91% (linalool:estragole) and 88.82% (fenbendazole). Furthermore, no toxic effects were observed in animals at these doses. The present study reveals the anthelmintic potential of tested substances. However, a new trial with modified conditions is needed to improve their effectiveness: increased dosage, a different way of administration or possible use of encapsulated or nanoencapsulated forms of these substances, especially if bearing in the mind anatomical-physiological specifics of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract.
Keywords:
gastrointestinal nematodes / anthelmintic resistance / thymus vulgaris / linalool and estragole / in vivo testSource:
Book of Abstracts of the 28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), Dublin, Ireland, 2021, 517-517Publisher:
- World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP)
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Institut za multidisciplinarna istraživanjaTY - CONF AU - Štrbac, Filip AU - Bosco, Antonio AU - Amadesi, Alessandra AU - Rinaldi, Laura AU - Stojanović, Dragica AU - Simin, Nataša AU - Orčić, Dejan AU - Pušić, Ivan AU - Krnjajić, Slobodan AU - Ratajac, Radomir PY - 2021 UR - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1972 AB - Economic losses caused by sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are increasing nowadays due to the development of anthelmintic resistance, therefore requiring a search for alternatives. In doing so, field testing of new potential substances provides credible and realistic insight of current possibility of their use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anthelmintic potential of thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (EO) and synergistic combination of two compounds, linalool:estragole on days 7 and 14 post-treatment using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). The experiment was conducted on two separate farms located in southern Italy, whereby the total number of sheep (n=96, n=48 per farm) was divided into four groups on each farm (n=12). Groups received the following treatments perorally: G1 – 100 mg kg-1 T. vulgaris; G2 – 100 mg kg-1 linalool:estragole; G3 – standard dose of fenbendazole and G4 – 50 ml per animal of sunflower oil. Main compounds of thyme EO identified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were p-cymene (41.72%), thymol (31.59%) and α-terpineol (11.71%), and the coproculture examination showed the presence of four genera of sheep GIN on tested farms: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Chabertia. In total, results of the FECRT showed the following reductions of GIN eggs on day 7: 24.95% (T. vulgaris); 24.64% (linalool:estragole) and 82.49% (fenbendazole). On day 14, reductions of GIN eggs were: 23.72% (T. vulgaris), 25.91% (linalool:estragole) and 88.82% (fenbendazole). Furthermore, no toxic effects were observed in animals at these doses. The present study reveals the anthelmintic potential of tested substances. However, a new trial with modified conditions is needed to improve their effectiveness: increased dosage, a different way of administration or possible use of encapsulated or nanoencapsulated forms of these substances, especially if bearing in the mind anatomical-physiological specifics of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract. PB - World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) C3 - Book of Abstracts of the 28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), Dublin, Ireland T1 - In Vivo Potential of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil and Synergistic Combination of Linalool:Estragole to Control Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes EP - 517 SP - 517 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_1972 ER -
@conference{ author = "Štrbac, Filip and Bosco, Antonio and Amadesi, Alessandra and Rinaldi, Laura and Stojanović, Dragica and Simin, Nataša and Orčić, Dejan and Pušić, Ivan and Krnjajić, Slobodan and Ratajac, Radomir", year = "2021", abstract = "Economic losses caused by sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are increasing nowadays due to the development of anthelmintic resistance, therefore requiring a search for alternatives. In doing so, field testing of new potential substances provides credible and realistic insight of current possibility of their use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anthelmintic potential of thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (EO) and synergistic combination of two compounds, linalool:estragole on days 7 and 14 post-treatment using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). The experiment was conducted on two separate farms located in southern Italy, whereby the total number of sheep (n=96, n=48 per farm) was divided into four groups on each farm (n=12). Groups received the following treatments perorally: G1 – 100 mg kg-1 T. vulgaris; G2 – 100 mg kg-1 linalool:estragole; G3 – standard dose of fenbendazole and G4 – 50 ml per animal of sunflower oil. Main compounds of thyme EO identified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were p-cymene (41.72%), thymol (31.59%) and α-terpineol (11.71%), and the coproculture examination showed the presence of four genera of sheep GIN on tested farms: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Chabertia. In total, results of the FECRT showed the following reductions of GIN eggs on day 7: 24.95% (T. vulgaris); 24.64% (linalool:estragole) and 82.49% (fenbendazole). On day 14, reductions of GIN eggs were: 23.72% (T. vulgaris), 25.91% (linalool:estragole) and 88.82% (fenbendazole). Furthermore, no toxic effects were observed in animals at these doses. The present study reveals the anthelmintic potential of tested substances. However, a new trial with modified conditions is needed to improve their effectiveness: increased dosage, a different way of administration or possible use of encapsulated or nanoencapsulated forms of these substances, especially if bearing in the mind anatomical-physiological specifics of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract.", publisher = "World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP)", journal = "Book of Abstracts of the 28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), Dublin, Ireland", title = "In Vivo Potential of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil and Synergistic Combination of Linalool:Estragole to Control Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes", pages = "517-517", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_1972" }
Štrbac, F., Bosco, A., Amadesi, A., Rinaldi, L., Stojanović, D., Simin, N., Orčić, D., Pušić, I., Krnjajić, S.,& Ratajac, R.. (2021). In Vivo Potential of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil and Synergistic Combination of Linalool:Estragole to Control Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes. in Book of Abstracts of the 28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), Dublin, Ireland World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP)., 517-517. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_1972
Štrbac F, Bosco A, Amadesi A, Rinaldi L, Stojanović D, Simin N, Orčić D, Pušić I, Krnjajić S, Ratajac R. In Vivo Potential of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil and Synergistic Combination of Linalool:Estragole to Control Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes. in Book of Abstracts of the 28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), Dublin, Ireland. 2021;:517-517. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_1972 .
Štrbac, Filip, Bosco, Antonio, Amadesi, Alessandra, Rinaldi, Laura, Stojanović, Dragica, Simin, Nataša, Orčić, Dejan, Pušić, Ivan, Krnjajić, Slobodan, Ratajac, Radomir, "In Vivo Potential of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil and Synergistic Combination of Linalool:Estragole to Control Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes" in Book of Abstracts of the 28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), Dublin, Ireland (2021):517-517, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_1972 .