Antihelmintički potencijal etarskog ulja korijandera (Coriandrum sativum L.) i njegov hemijski sastav

Abstract

Razvoj antihelmintičke rezistencije kod gastrointestinalnih nematoda ovaca na komercijalne antihelmintike je doveo do ogromnih ekonomskih gubitaka u mnogim delovima sveta. Zbog toga se aktivno traga za novim održivim strategijama za kontrolu ovih parazita, koje uključuju i primenu različitih alternativa poput biljnih etarskih ulja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio odrediti hemijski sastav etarskog ulja korijandera (Coriander sativum L.) i ispitati njegov antihelmintički potencijal protiv gastrointestinalnih nematoda ovaca. Kvalitativna i semikvantitativna hemijska karakterizacija etarskog ulja izvršena je primenom gasne hromatografije kuplovane sa masenospektrometrijskom detekcijom (GC-MS analize). Antihelmintički potencijal etarskog ulja je ispitan pomoću in vitro testa izleganja larvi (EHT), koji je sproveden pri osam različitih koncentracija ispitanog ulja (50; 12,5; 3,125; 0,781; 0,195; 0,049; 0,025 i 0,0125 mg/mL). Pri tome je za pozitivnu kontrolu korišćen tiabendazol u koncentracijama 0,025 i 0,0125 mg/mL, a za negativnu emulgator 3% Tween 80 v/v i destilovana voda. GC-MS analizama je otkriven bogat hemijski sastav ispitanog ulja, pri čemu je pronađeno ukupno 17 različitih sastojaka od čega je 15 identifikovano, iz različitih hemijskih grupa. Dominantan sastojak je bio linalool (84,53%) uz γ-terpinen (5,04%), kamfor (3,26%) i α-pinen (2,88%). Rezultati EHT su pokazali visok antihelmintički potencijal ulja korijandera sa inhibicijom izleganja larvi odnosno ovicidnim efektom od 29,0-88,7% u zavisnosti od koncentracije, uz dobijenu IC50 koncentraciju od 0,04 mg/mL i jasan dozno-zavisni efekat (R2=0,90). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na moguću ulogu korijandera u budućim terapijskim pristupima infekcijama izazvanih gastrointestinalnim nematoda ovaca, nakon daljih in vivo ispitivanja i studija toksičnosti. U svakom slučaju, i ova studija je potvrdila mogući značaj botaničkih antihelmintika u održivoj kontroli nematoda kod životinja i borbi protiv antihelmintičke rezistencije.

The development of resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes to commercial anthelmintics has led to huge monetary losses in many parts of the world. Therefore, new sustainable strategies for the control of these parasites are being actively sought, among which are included various alternative options such as plant essential oils. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the coriander (Coriander sativum L.) essential oil and to evaluate its anthelmintic potential against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Qualitative and semi-quantitative chemical characterization of the essential oils was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The anthelmintic potential of the essential oil was evaluated using the in vitro egg hatch test (EHT), which was performed at eight different concentrations of the tested oil (50; 12.5; 3.125; 0.781; 0.195; 0.049; 0.025 and 0.0125 mg/mL). Thiabendazole at concentrations of 0.025 and 0.0125 mg/mL was used as a positive control, and emulsifier 3% Tween 80 v/v and distilled water as negative controls. GC-MS analysis revealed the rich chemical composition of the tested oil, where a total of 17 different ingredients were found of which 15 were identified, from different chemical groups. The dominant ingredient was linalool (84.53%) with γ-terpinene (5.04%), camphor (3.26%) and α-pinene (2.88%). EHT results showed a high anthelmintic potential of the coriander oil with an inhibition of egg hatchability i.e. ovicidal effect of 29.0-88.7% depending on the used concentration, with the obtained IC50 concentration of 0.04 mg/mL and a clear dose-dependent effect (R2=0.90). The obtained results indicate the possible role of coriander in future therapeutic approaches to infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep, after further in vivo studies and toxicity studies. In any case, this study is another confirmation of the possible importance of botanical anthelmintics in the sustainable control of nematodes in animals and in combating anthelmintic resistance.