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dc.creatorMitrović, Aleksandra Lj.
dc.creatorBogdanović Pristov, Jelena
dc.creatorSimonović Radosavljević, Jasna
dc.creatorRadotić, Ksenija
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-15T20:19:11Z
dc.date.available2023-03-15T20:19:11Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.isbn978-86-80877-67-9
dc.identifier.urihttp://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1817
dc.description.abstractPicea omorika (Pančić) Purkynĕ is Balkan endemic coniferous species and Tertiary relict of the European flora. Its natural habitat is fragmented and reduced to the middle and upper courses of the Drina River, in Western Serbia and Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. This region represents species long-term, cryptic and last refugium. The current limited natural range of Serbian spruce is mainly the result of the species poor competing ability. It retreats to areas less inhabitable by its competitors, predominantly Picea abies and Fagus orientalis. It inhabits open habitats, comprising cliffs and forest clearings, characterized by strong northerlywind, snow and rockfalls. Since the middle of the 19th century, its natural range declines continuously. Planting Serbian spruce outside its natural range has a long tradition, either as an ornamental tree species, or for afforestation, throughout Central and Northern Europe. Despite its endemism, P. omorika is considered as one of the most adaptable spruces. Wood properties are determined by cell arrangement, size and shape, and cell wall structure and thickness. Conifers, as a response to mechanical stress, such as wind and stem lean, form reaction wood called compression wood (CW). Its formation occurs on the lower side of the leaning stem, resulting in eccentric growth. Wood opposite to the CW in the same growth ring is termed opposite wood (OW), while wood from growth rings that do not contain any CW is termed normal wood (NW). CW is characterized by reduced tracheid length, rounder cell cross-sectional profile, presence of intercellular spaces, absence of the S3 cell wall layer and presence of helical cavities in S2 layer. Higher lignification, as one of the main characteristics of CW, is associated with changed lignin composition, increased amounts of phydroxyphenyl monomers and increased condensation of monomer units in the polymer. Consequently, CW contains less cellulose, with greatly increased amounts of galactan, and slightly lower amounts of mannan and xylan, and with higher angle of cellulose microfibrils in the S2 layer of the cell wall, compared to NW. CW occurs in a range of gradations from near NW to severe CW (SCW), mild CW (MCW) forming a continuum between NW and SCW. The degree of development of particular features of CW does not necessarily change in parallel to each other, so the severity of a given tracheid is represented as a function of the degrees of development of individual features, mainly lignification, helical cavities and cell wall thickness. Visual detection of compression wood severity, more precisely the determination of MCW, is difficult. As the severity of CW affects mechanical and chemical properties of wood in forest products industry it is desirable to be able to measure CW severity. We developed different morphometric and non-morphometric methods for distinguishing wood samples on a compression severity scale. They are based on tracheid double wall thickness, cellulose microfibrils order (distribution and alignment of cellulose microfibrils), or variation in lignin structure. We used confocal fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, and fluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD) microscopy, combined with development of new algorithms and statistical analysis. We tested our methods on stem samples of P. omorika juvenile trees exposed to long term static bending. P. omorika belongs to slow-growing conifer species in which CW typically occurs in a severe form, while juvenile conifer wood is characterized by randomly distributed MCW, NW often being absent. These are the features that suggest P. omorika juvenile wood a good choice of samples for evaluation of the precision of methods suggested for estimation of compression wood severity. Our methods for distinguishing wood samples on a compression severity scale provide a fine gradation of juvenile P. omorika wood samples from NW to the severest form of CW, compression severity scales being partially different. The presented results qualify our methods for use in estimation of compression wood severity in forest products industries, individually or in combination, and confirm juvenile P. omorika stem samples as a good choice of samples for evaluation of the precision of methods suggested for compression wood severity estimation.sr
dc.language.isoensr
dc.publisherInstitute for Nature Conservation of Serbia (Beograd)sr
dc.publisherFaculty of Sciences and Mathematics (Niš). Depattment of Biology and Ecologysr
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MESTD/Basic Research (BR or ON)/173017/RS//sr
dc.rightsopenAccesssr
dc.source13th Symphosium on the flora of Southeastern Serbia and Neighboring Regionssr
dc.subjectSerbian spruce, compression wood, fluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD) microscopysr
dc.titleSerbian spruce, endemicity and advantagessr
dc.typeconferenceObjectsr
dc.rights.licenseARRsr
dc.citation.epage190
dc.citation.spage189
dc.identifier.fulltexthttp://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/id/4647/bitstream_4647.pdf
dc.identifier.rcubhttps://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_1817
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionsr


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