Dejstvo etarskih ulja anisa, morača i mirođije i njihovih dominantnih komponenti na larve gubara (Lymantria dispar L.)

Abstract

U radu je ispitivano delovanje alkoholnih rastvora etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata trans-anetola i karvona na gusenice gubara (Lymantria dispar L.). Antifidna aktivnost etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % ispitivana je u dva odvojena ogleda, ogledu bez izbora i ogledu sa izborom. Ispitivanje je vršeno na gusenicama drugog stupnja, a rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Rezidualna kontaktna i digestivna toksičnost etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %, ispitivana je na gusenicama gubara drugog stupnja. Pored mortaliteta gusenica, praćen je i uticaj navedenih toksičnosti na presvlačenje gusenica iz drugog u treći larveni stupanj. Ogledi u kojima je ispitivan uticaj toksičnosti ispitivanih etarskih ulja i nihovih dominantnih komponenata na mortalitet i zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica trajali su 120 časova, a rezultati su očitavani na svaka 24 časa. Delovanje ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata, primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.25 i 0.5 %, na indekse rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara četvrtog stupnjsa sagledavano je u ogledima za ispitivanja njihovog uticaja na relativnu brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativnu brzinu konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), efikasnost asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane kod gusenica (ECI i ECD). Rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Za poređenje rezultata je korišćeno biološko sredstvo NeemAzal (standard). Statistička obrada podataka izvršena je uz pomoć softverskog paketa Statistica 7.0. (StatSoft, Inc). Analizom dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je da dobru antifidnu aktivnost poseduju etarsko ulje anisa i njegova dominantna komponenta trans-anetol primenjeni u koncentraciji 1.0 %. Rezidualna kontaktna toksičnost ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponata nije konstatovana, a njihov uticaj na zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica nije zadovoljavajuć. Visoku digestivnu toksičnost koja dovodi do mortaliteta 100 % gusenica ili 100 % zaustavljanja presvlačenja gusenica, ukoliko nisu sve gusenice uginule, poseduju ispitivana etarska ulja primenjena u koncentraciji 1.0 %, trans-anetol primenjen u koncentracijama 0.5 i 1.0 % i karvon primenjen u koncentracijama 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %. Indeksi rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara su primenom ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata značajno sniženi. Primenjena sredstva imaju značajan uticaj na snižavanje relativne brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativne brzine konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), koeficijent asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane u biomasu gusenica (ECI i ECD)...

In this work the influence of ethanol solutions of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components trans-anethole and carvone on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) was tested. Antifeedant activity of essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrantions 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % was tested in two separate tests, no choice and choice feeding ones. The testing was done on the second instar and the results of the experiments were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Residual concant and digestive toxicity of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 % were tested on the second instar gypsy moth larvae. The influence of mentioned toxicity on moulting from the second to the third instar was followed, too. The influence of toxicity of essential oils and their dominant components on mortality and disturbing moulting was evaluated after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after the beginning of the experiment. The influence of tested essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 % on growth and feeding indices of the fourth insters was tested in the asseys about their influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). The results were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Botanical standard NeemAzal was used for comparing results. Statistical data proccesing was done by softer Statistica 7.0. The analyzying of the results confirmed that essential oil of anise and its dominant component tras-anethole applied in concentration 1.0 % possess good antifeedant activity. Residual contact toksicity of tested essential oils and their dominant components as well as their influence on disturbing moulting was not satisfied. Tested essential oils applied in concentration 1.0 % possess high digestive toxicity which causes 100 % larvae mortality or 100 % inhibits moulting. Tras-anthpole posses the same effect in concentrations 0.5 and 1.0 % as well as carvone in concentrations 25, 0.5 and 1.0 %. Applied compounds have significant influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). They are most effective in concentracion 0.5 % and carvone, in average, has significantly bigger influence in comparison with other applied compounds...