Kolmogorov compression complexity may differentiate different schools of Orthodox iconography

Peptenatu, Daniel; Andronache, Ion; Ahammer, Helmut; Taylor, Richard; Liritzis, Ioannis; Radulovic, Marko; Ciobanu, Bogdan; Burcea, Marin; Perc, Matjaz; Pham, Tuan D.; Tomić, Bojan; Cîrstea, Cosmin Iulian; Lemeni, Adrian Nicolae; Gruia, Andreea Karina; Grecu, Alexandra; Marin, Marian; Jelinek, Herbert Franz

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12826-w

Abstract

The complexity in the styles of 1200 Byzantine icons painted between 13th and 16th from Greece, Russia and Romania was investigated through the Kolmogorov algorithmic information theory. The aim was to identify specific quantitative patterns which define the key characteristics of the three different painting schools. Our novel approach using the artificial surface images generated with Inverse FFT and the Midpoint Displacement (MD) algorithms, was validated by comparison of results with eight fractal and non-fractal indices. From the analyzes performed, normalized Kolmogorov compression complexity (KC) proved to be the best solution because it had the best complexity pattern differentiations, is not sensitive to the image size and the least affected by noise. We conclude that normalized KC methodology does offer capability to differentiate the icons within a School and amongst the three Schools.

Keywords:

fractal analysis / orthodox iconography / kolmogorov complexity / complexity and art

Source:
Scientific Reports, 2022, 12, 10743-

Publisher:

Springer Nature

Funding / projects:

Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS—UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1076
Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS/CCCDI-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2021-0084
The University of Bucharest, Romania, project number 10680 UB
The University of Bucharest, Romania, project number 10681 UB
The Slovenian Research Agency (Grant Nos. P1-0403 and J1-2457)
Sino-Hellenic Academic Project from Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200053 (University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research) (RS-200053)

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12826-w

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peptenatu, Daniel
AU  - Andronache, Ion
AU  - Ahammer, Helmut
AU  - Taylor, Richard
AU  - Liritzis, Ioannis
AU  - Radulovic, Marko
AU  - Ciobanu, Bogdan
AU  - Burcea, Marin
AU  - Perc, Matjaz
AU  - Pham, Tuan D.
AU  - Tomić, Bojan
AU  - Cîrstea, Cosmin Iulian
AU  - Lemeni, Adrian Nicolae
AU  - Gruia, Andreea Karina
AU  - Grecu, Alexandra
AU  - Marin, Marian
AU  - Jelinek, Herbert Franz
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1567
AB  - The complexity in the styles of 1200 Byzantine icons painted between 13th and 16th from Greece, Russia and Romania was investigated through the Kolmogorov algorithmic information theory. The aim was to identify specific quantitative patterns which define the key characteristics of the three different painting schools. Our novel approach using the artificial surface images generated with Inverse FFT and the Midpoint Displacement (MD) algorithms, was validated by comparison of results with eight fractal and non-fractal indices. From the analyzes performed, normalized Kolmogorov compression complexity (KC) proved to be the best solution because it had the best complexity pattern differentiations, is not sensitive to the image size and the least affected by noise. We conclude that normalized KC methodology does offer capability to differentiate the icons within a School and amongst the three Schools.
PB  - Springer Nature
T2  - Scientific Reports
T1  - Kolmogorov compression complexity may differentiate different schools of Orthodox iconography
SP  - 10743
VL  - 12
DO  - 10.1038/s41598-022-12826-w
ER  -

@article{
author = "Peptenatu, Daniel and Andronache, Ion and Ahammer, Helmut and Taylor, Richard and Liritzis, Ioannis and Radulovic, Marko and Ciobanu, Bogdan and Burcea, Marin and Perc, Matjaz and Pham, Tuan D. and Tomić, Bojan and Cîrstea, Cosmin Iulian and Lemeni, Adrian Nicolae and Gruia, Andreea Karina and Grecu, Alexandra and Marin, Marian and Jelinek, Herbert Franz",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The complexity in the styles of 1200 Byzantine icons painted between 13th and 16th from Greece, Russia and Romania was investigated through the Kolmogorov algorithmic information theory. The aim was to identify specific quantitative patterns which define the key characteristics of the three different painting schools. Our novel approach using the artificial surface images generated with Inverse FFT and the Midpoint Displacement (MD) algorithms, was validated by comparison of results with eight fractal and non-fractal indices. From the analyzes performed, normalized Kolmogorov compression complexity (KC) proved to be the best solution because it had the best complexity pattern differentiations, is not sensitive to the image size and the least affected by noise. We conclude that normalized KC methodology does offer capability to differentiate the icons within a School and amongst the three Schools.",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
title = "Kolmogorov compression complexity may differentiate different schools of Orthodox iconography",
pages = "10743",
volume = "12",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-022-12826-w"
}

Peptenatu, D., Andronache, I., Ahammer, H., Taylor, R., Liritzis, I., Radulovic, M., Ciobanu, B., Burcea, M., Perc, M., Pham, T. D., Tomić, B., Cîrstea, C. I., Lemeni, A. N., Gruia, A. K., Grecu, A., Marin, M.,& Jelinek, H. F.. (2022). Kolmogorov compression complexity may differentiate different schools of Orthodox iconography. in Scientific Reports
Springer Nature., 12, 10743.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12826-w

Peptenatu D, Andronache I, Ahammer H, Taylor R, Liritzis I, Radulovic M, Ciobanu B, Burcea M, Perc M, Pham TD, Tomić B, Cîrstea CI, Lemeni AN, Gruia AK, Grecu A, Marin M, Jelinek HF. Kolmogorov compression complexity may differentiate different schools of Orthodox iconography. in Scientific Reports. 2022;12:10743.
doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12826-w .

Peptenatu, Daniel, Andronache, Ion, Ahammer, Helmut, Taylor, Richard, Liritzis, Ioannis, Radulovic, Marko, Ciobanu, Bogdan, Burcea, Marin, Perc, Matjaz, Pham, Tuan D., Tomić, Bojan, Cîrstea, Cosmin Iulian, Lemeni, Adrian Nicolae, Gruia, Andreea Karina, Grecu, Alexandra, Marin, Marian, Jelinek, Herbert Franz, "Kolmogorov compression complexity may differentiate different schools of Orthodox iconography" in Scientific Reports, 12 (2022):10743,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12826-w . .