Variranje sadržaja zdravstveno korisnih komponenti u plodu borovnice povezano sa različitim načinima ishrane u sistemu gajenja u supstratu

Abstract

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se odredi i uporedi sadržaj ukupnih antocijana i ukupnih fenola, kao i antioksidativna aktivnost u plodu sorte visokožbunaste borovnice 'Bluecrop' gajene u supstratu pod uticajem različitih načina ishrane. Poljsko istraživanje je izvedeno u proizvodnom zasadu borovnice koji se nalazi u blizini Beograda (Srbija), tokom perioda 2016-2017. godine. Zasad je podignut u proleće 2016. godine sadnjom petogodišnjih biljaka u saksije od polipropilenske folije zapremine 50 l. Svaka saksija je ispunjena supstratnom smešom sastavljenom od strugotine četinara (60%), belog treseta (30%) i perlita (10%). Primenjeno rastojanje sadnje je 0,8 m u redu i 3,0 m između redova (4.170 žbunova po ha). Ispitivana je primena sledećih đubriva: 1. organska đubriva (Org); 2. mineralna đubriva (Min) i 3. kombinovana primena organskih i mineralnih đubriva (OrgMin). Rastvorljiva NPK đubriva su primenjivana kroz sistem za navodnjavanje, dok su granulisana mineralna i peletirana organska đubriva mešana sa supstratom. Uzorci plodova su uzimani u 3 ponavljanja na početku, sredini i na kraju sezone berbe. Vreme berbe nije ispoljilo značajan uticaj na testirane parametre, dok se sadržaj ukupnih antocijana nije razlikovao čak ni pod uticajem primenjenih đubriva. Sadržaj ukupnih fenola u plodu bio je značajno povećan u Org i Org-Min tretmanima (139,8, odnosno 139,3 mg ekv. gal. kis./100 g sv.m.pl.), dok je značajno veća ukupna antioksidativna aktivnost ustanovljena u plodovima iz OrgMin tretmana (0,53 mg ask./g sv.m.pl.).

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the content of total anthocyanins (TACY), total phenolics (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the fruit of 'Bluecrop' highbush blueberry grown under different nutrient management practices in a soilless production system. A field study was carried out in a highbush blueberry plantation situated near Belgrade (Serbia), during the period of 2016-2017. The orchard was planted in the spring of 2016 in 50 l polypropylene pots with 5-year-old nursery plants. Each pot was filled with the mix of pine sawdust (60%), white peat (30%) and perlite (10%), and placed at a distance of 0.8 m within the row and 3.0 m between the rows (4,170 bushes ha-1 ). The following fertilizer treatments were evaluated: 1. organic fertilizers (Org); 2. mineral fertilizers (Min) and 3. a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers (Org-Min). Soluble NPK fertilizers were applied with irrigation water, whereas granulated mineral and pelleted organic fertilizers were mixed with the substrate. Fruit samples were collected in triplicate at the beginning of ripening, full maturity and the end of the harvest season. No significant effect of harvest time on each of the tested parameters was observed, whereas the content of TACY did not even differ under various fertilizer treatments. TPC in the fruit significantly increased in Org and Org-Min treatments (139.8 and 139.3 mg eq GA 100 g-1 FW, respectively) compared to Min treatment (122.7 mg eq GA 100 g-1 FW), while a considerably high TAA level was found only in berries under Org-Min treatment (0.53 mg asc g-1 FW).