Pesticides and environmental pollutants in organic honeys according to their diversity of production areas in order to protect human health

Abstract

U poslednjoj deceniji trend potrošnje meda je drastično porastao u svetu. Razlog je sve veći kcenat na konzumaciji meda zbog njegovih pozitivnih efekata na zdravlje zbog antibakterijskih i antioksidativnih svojstava meda. S druge strane, pesticidi, posebno insekticidi i akaricidi, su glavni uzročnici koji mogu da kontaminiraju med i ugroze njegov kvalitet. Iz tog razloga je određivanje ovih polutanata neophodno i važno, budući da je upotreba pesticida svake godine sve veća zbog potrebe proizvodnje hrane, a mnogi od njih se nakon upotrebe dugo nalaze u životnoj sredini. Na ovaj način pčele i med se mogu svrstati u ekološke indikatore. Savremene tehnike, kao što je gasna hromatografija sa masenom detekcijom, imaju mogućnost da detektuju veliki broj pesticida istovremeno na nivou tragova. Ekstrakcija pesticida iz meda je veliki analitički izazov zbog složenosti matriksa koji sadrži oko 300 hemijskih jedinjenja iz različitih grupa kao što su šećeri (monosaharidi i oligosaharidi), organske kiseline, aminokiseline, enzimi, hormoni, flavonoidi, vitamini, eterična ulja i steroli. Različiti pristupi zasnovani na novim sorbentima u fazi prečišćavanja tokom postupka pripreme nedavno su evaluirani kako bi se dobili zadovoljavajući parametri validacije metode. Brza metoda prečišćavanja korišćenjem disperzivne ekstrakcije čvrste faze obezbeđuje način da se dobiju čisti ekstrakti sa odličnim rezultatima za spajk. Poslednjih godina je veliki broj naučnih publikacija koje su razvile osetljivu i tačnu metodu za određivanje rezidua pesticida u uzorcima meda. Fokus istraživanja bio je na validaciji metode za određivanje organohlornih pesticida, amitraza i 2,4 dimetilanilina u medu proizvedenom u Srbiji. Cilj je bio da se validira metoda kako bi se pronašao najpouzdaniji odgovor na pitanje o bezbednosti meda na teritoriji Republike Srbije i odgovor na pitanje o prisustvu rezidua pesticida u medu. Rezultati istraživanja su rezultati dobijenih analiza o prisustvu pesticida u različitim vrstama meda iz Srbije. Dalje je prikazan pregled rezultata drugih autora, kako o najnovijim rezultatima ispitivanog meda, tako i o prisustvu polutanata u zemljama u okruženju

In the last decade, the consumption trend of honey has increased dramatically in the world. The reason is the growing emphasis on the consumption of honey due to its positive effects on health due to the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of honey. On the other hand, pesticides, especially insecticides and acaricides, are the main causes that can contaminate honey and compromise its quality. For that reason, the determination of these pollutants is necessary and important, since the use of pesticides is increasing every year due to the need to produce food, and many of them are in the environment for a long time after use. In this way, bees and honey can be classified as environmental indicators. Modern techniques, such as gas chromatography with mass detection, have the ability to detect a large number of pesticides simultaneously at the trace level. Extraction of pesticides from honey is a great analytical challenge due to the complexity of the matrix containing about 300 chemical compounds from different groups such as sugars (monosaccharides and oligosaccharides), organic acids, amino acids, enzymes, hormones, flavonoids, vitamins, essential oils and sterols. Different approaches based on novel sorbents for clean-up step in preparation procedure have been recently evaluated in order to obtain satisfactory method validation parameters. A quick purification method using dispersive solid phase extraction provides a way to obtain pure extracts with excellent recovery results. In recent years, a large number of scientific publications have developed a sensitive and accurate method for pesticide residue determination in honey samples. The focus of the research was on the validation of the method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides, amitraz and 2, 4 dimethylaniline in honey produced in Serbia. The aim was to validate the method in order to find the most reliable answer to the question about the safety of honey in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and the answer to the question about the presence of pesticide residues in honey. The results of the research are the results of the obtained analyzes on the presence of pesticides in different types of honey from Serbia. Further it gives an overview of the results of other authors, as about the latest results of the examined honey and the presence of contaminants in the surrounding countries.