Uticaj jakih proreda na prirast i izbor stabala za negu u monokulturi smrče u uslovima prirodnih nepogoda

Abstract

U radu se analizira uticaj dve jake selektivne prorede na prirast stabala smrče u monokulturi izloženoj ledolomima i snegolomima na području istočne Srbije. Pri proredi u 32. godini je izdvojeno 556 kandidata za negu po hektaru, a u 40. godini od inicijalnih kandidata je izabrano 311 stabala budućnosti po hektaru (55,9%). Kod svih stabala u periodu od 41-50. godine veći je prirast prečnika za 31%, temeljnice za 64% i zapremine za 67%, u odnosu na period od 32-40. godine. Kolektiv indiferentnih stabala značajno zaostaje u veličinama prirasta u odnosu na stabla budućnosti u oba posmatrana perioda. Međutim, veličina prirasta prečnika, temeljnice i zapremine kolektiva 'uporedivih' indiferentnih stabala manja je od veličine prirasta stabala budućnosti za 10-15% u periodu od 32-40. godine i za 15-21% u periodu od 41-50. godine i nema signifikantnih razlika. Rezultati ukazuju da jake selektivne prorede, početno usmerene na veći broj kandidata za negu u starosti sastojine koja značajnije ne odstupa od perioda kada se izvode prve 'komercijalne' prorede, unapređuju prirasni potencijal stabala budućnosti i indiferentnih stabala, u okviru kojih je racionalno vršiti zamenu stabala za glavni prinos u 'osetljivoj' fazi razvoja na uticaj snegoloma i ledoloma.

The paper studies the effects of two heavy selection thinnings on the increment of Norway spruce trees exposed to ice and snow breaks in eastern Serbia. In a thinning that was carried out at 32 years of age, 556 candidates per hectare were selected for tending, and at the age of 40, of the initial candidates, 311 trees per hectare (55.9%) were selected as future trees. In all trees at 41-50 age period, diameter increment was higher by 31%, basal area increment by 64% and volume increment by 67% compared to 32-40 age period. The collective of indifferent trees is significantly falling behind compared to future trees in terms of increment values in both observed periods. However, the value of diameter, basal area and volume increments, of the collective of "comparable" indifferent trees are lower in comparison to the values of increments of future trees by 10-15% in the 32-40 age period, and by 15-21% in the 41-50 age period and there are no significant differences. The results show that heavy selective thinnings, initially directed at a larger number of candidates for tending at stand age that does not differ much from the period of carrying out first "commercial" thinnings, improve the growth potential of future and indifferent trees, where it is rational to do the tree replacement for the final crop in "susceptible" growth stage to snow and ice breaks.