Karakteristike subspontanog širenja gvozdenog drveta (Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch) u Topčideru

Abstract

U radu se analizira pojava subspontanog širenja gvozdenog drveta u park šumi koja pripada zaštićenom prirodnom dobru ,,Topčiderski park' u Beogradu. U Topčideru od ukupno tri evidentirana stabla 1949. godine, u procenjenoj starosti ne većoj od 85 godina, krajem 2016. godine je evidentirano polno reproduktivno stablo za koje se može objektivno pretpostaviti da predstavlja jedno od prvobitno tri opisana 'matična' stabla na navedenoj lokaciji. Stablo ima prsni prečnik 94,6 cm i visinu 24,1 m. U proteklih sedam decenija gvozdeno drvo se uspešno obnavlja (iz semena i korenovih izdanaka) na antropogeno uticanoj površini, koja je prepuštena sukcesiji, ali ne pokazuje invazivnost. Na površini subspontanog širenja gvozdenog drveta (0,25 ha) utvrđeno je 14 vrsta drveća i žbunja sa ukupno 624 stabla, počev od taksacione granice od 1,0 cm, a gvozdeno drvo je najzastupljenija vrsta sa 326 stabala (52,2%). U subspontano regenerisanoj skupini gvozdenog drveta najdeblje stablo ima prsni prečnik 48,2 cm, a najviše stablo ima visinu 25,5 m. Struktura stabala gvozdenog drveta po debljini pokazuje opadajuću raspodelu. Za razliku od habitusa 'matičnog' stabla, čiji je stepen vitkosti 25, skupinu subspontano regenerisanih dominantnih i kodominantnih stabala karakteriše habitus stabala raslih u sastojinskom sklopu, sa stepenom vitkosti 75-110.

The paper presents the occurrence of subspontaneous dispersal of Kentucky coffeetree in the park-forest which is a part of a protected natural area ''Topčiderski park'' in Belgrade. In 1949, three trees of Kentucky coffeetree not older than 85 years were recorded. In 2016, one sexually reproductive tree was recorded in Topčider which is assumed to be one of the three ''mother'' trees recorded in 1949. The diameter at breast height is 94.6 cm and the height of the tree is 24.1 m. During the past seven decades, the Kentucky coffeetree regenerated successfully from seed and root suckers in the area that was under anthropogenic influence and was left to succession, but the Kentucky coffeetree has not shown invasiveness. In the area of subspontaneous dispersal of Kentucky coffeetree (0.25 ha), all the trees that had diameter at breast height 1.0 cm and more were measured. Fourteen tree and shrub species were identified with a total of 624 trees and Kentucky coffeetree was the most represented species with 326 trees (52.2%). In the subspontaneous regenerated group of Kentucky coffeetree, the diameter at breast height of the thickest tree is 48.2 cm and the highest tree is 25.5 m tall. The diameter structure of Kentucky coffeetree trees shows the declining distribution. Compared to the habitus of ''mother'' tree, that has a slenderness of 25, the habitus of the dominant and codominant trees in the subspontaneous regenereted group of Kentucky coffeetree is characterized by slenderness of 75-110 that is characteristic of the trees grown in the stand closure.