TY  - CONF
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
AU  - Baščarević, Zvezdana
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2439
AB  - Over the past few decades a new group of binding materials, geopolymers, have
emerged as an alternative to traditional binding materials such as Portland cement.
Geopolymers are obtained by the process of alkali activation of various alumino-
silicate materials, both natural and synthetic. Of particular importance is the
possibility of alkali activation of the industrial waste material such as fly ash. Fly
ash (FA) is generated in the process of coal combustion in thermal power plants. In
Serbia a small part of fly ash is recycled while the rest is landfilled, causing a
serious environmental pollution. Alkali activation represents a process by which fly
ash can safely be converted into a useful biding material, suitable for the
construction purposes. Geopolymers (or alkali-activated materials) based on fly ash
are known for their good compressive strength and good durability in aggressive
environments, when propeerly designed. However, the limiting factor for wider use
of fly ash in the process of alkali activation and geopolymers synthesis is its low
reactivity and consequent low compressive strength of binding elements. Our
research has shown that the reactivity of fly ash in the process of alkali activation
can be enhanced by the appropriate choice of the reaction conditions – by
mechanical activation of fly ash and by blending with more reactive material such as
blast furnace slag (BFS). Both options were explored in this paper and comparison
was performed. Mechanical activation of fly ash was conducted in a planetary ball
mill, while blends of fly ash and blast furnace slag were prepared with different
ratios (FA/(FA+BFS) = 1; 0,75; 0,50; 0,25; 0). Alkali activation was carried out at
95ºC by use of sodium silicate solution as an activator. In both cases significant
increase of geopolymer compressive strength was observed in respect to the
geopolymer based on the initial fly ash. Optimal geopolymer strength was correlated
with the chemical composition of the binding gel. Empirical values of optimal gel
composition could serve as a basis for tailoring properties of alkali-activated binders
based on different precursors. Both alkali-activated systems represent promissing
routes for geopolymer technology development.
PB  - Institut za multidisciplinarna istraņivanja Kneza Vińeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
C3  - 7th Conference of The Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials
T1  - ENHANCING THE REACTIVITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL FLY ASH IN THE PROCESS OF ALKALI ACTIVATION
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2439
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Džunuzović, Nataša and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Nikolić, Violeta and Baščarević, Zvezdana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Over the past few decades a new group of binding materials, geopolymers, have
emerged as an alternative to traditional binding materials such as Portland cement.
Geopolymers are obtained by the process of alkali activation of various alumino-
silicate materials, both natural and synthetic. Of particular importance is the
possibility of alkali activation of the industrial waste material such as fly ash. Fly
ash (FA) is generated in the process of coal combustion in thermal power plants. In
Serbia a small part of fly ash is recycled while the rest is landfilled, causing a
serious environmental pollution. Alkali activation represents a process by which fly
ash can safely be converted into a useful biding material, suitable for the
construction purposes. Geopolymers (or alkali-activated materials) based on fly ash
are known for their good compressive strength and good durability in aggressive
environments, when propeerly designed. However, the limiting factor for wider use
of fly ash in the process of alkali activation and geopolymers synthesis is its low
reactivity and consequent low compressive strength of binding elements. Our
research has shown that the reactivity of fly ash in the process of alkali activation
can be enhanced by the appropriate choice of the reaction conditions – by
mechanical activation of fly ash and by blending with more reactive material such as
blast furnace slag (BFS). Both options were explored in this paper and comparison
was performed. Mechanical activation of fly ash was conducted in a planetary ball
mill, while blends of fly ash and blast furnace slag were prepared with different
ratios (FA/(FA+BFS) = 1; 0,75; 0,50; 0,25; 0). Alkali activation was carried out at
95ºC by use of sodium silicate solution as an activator. In both cases significant
increase of geopolymer compressive strength was observed in respect to the
geopolymer based on the initial fly ash. Optimal geopolymer strength was correlated
with the chemical composition of the binding gel. Empirical values of optimal gel
composition could serve as a basis for tailoring properties of alkali-activated binders
based on different precursors. Both alkali-activated systems represent promissing
routes for geopolymer technology development.",
publisher = "Institut za multidisciplinarna istraņivanja Kneza Vińeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia",
journal = "7th Conference of The Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials",
title = "ENHANCING THE REACTIVITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL FLY ASH IN THE PROCESS OF ALKALI ACTIVATION",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2439"
}

Džunuzović, N., Komljenović, M. M., Nikolić, V.,& Baščarević, Z.. (2023). ENHANCING THE REACTIVITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL FLY ASH IN THE PROCESS OF ALKALI ACTIVATION. in 7th Conference of The Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials
Institut za multidisciplinarna istraņivanja Kneza Vińeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2439

Džunuzović N, Komljenović MM, Nikolić V, Baščarević Z. ENHANCING THE REACTIVITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL FLY ASH IN THE PROCESS OF ALKALI ACTIVATION. in 7th Conference of The Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2439 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Nikolić, Violeta, Baščarević, Zvezdana, "ENHANCING THE REACTIVITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL FLY ASH IN THE PROCESS OF ALKALI ACTIVATION" in 7th Conference of The Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2439 .

Džunuzović, N., Stanojević, G., Komljenović, M. M.,& Ršumović, M.. (2022). Tехнолошки поступак синтезе порозних геополимера на бази механички и хемијски активираног електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране „Никола Тесла Б“ - Обреновац. in 2022.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2621

Džunuzović N, Stanojević G, Komljenović MM, Ršumović M. Tехнолошки поступак синтезе порозних геополимера на бази механички и хемијски активираног електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране „Никола Тесла Б“ - Обреновац. in 2022. 2022;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2621 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Stanojević, Gordana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Ršumović, Mihailo, "Tехнолошки поступак синтезе порозних геополимера на бази механички и хемијски активираног електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране „Никола Тесла Б“ - Обреновац" in 2022 (2022),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2621 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merta, Ildiko
AU  - Poletanovic, Bojan
AU  - Dragas, Jelena
AU  - Carevic, Vedran
AU  - Ignjatovic, Ivan
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1564
AB  - The physical and mechanical properties of hemp-fibre-reinforced alkali-activated (AA) mortars
under accelerated carbonation were evaluated. Two matrices of different physical and chemical
properties, i.e., a low Ca-containing and less dense one with fly ash (FA) and a high Ca-containing
and denser one with FA and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), were reinforced with fibres (10 mm,
0.5 vol% and 1.0 vol%). Under accelerated carbonation, due to the pore refinement resulting from
alkali and alkaline earth salt precipitation, AA hemp fibre mortars markedly (20%) decreased their
water absorption. FA-based hemp mortars increased significantly their compressive and flexural
strength (40% and 34%, respectively), whereas in the denser FA/GBFS matrix (due to the hindered
CO2 penetration, i.e., lower chemical reaction between CO2 and pore solution and gel products), only
a slight variation ( 10%) occurred. Under accelerated carbonation, embrittlement of the fibre/matrix
interface and of the whole composite occurred, accompanied by increased stiffness, decreased deformation
capacity and loss of the energy absorption capacity under flexure. FA-based matrices exhibited
more pronounced embrittlement than the denser FA/GBFS matrices. A combination of FA/GBFSbased
mortar reinforced with 0.5 vol% fibre dosage ensured an optimal fibre/matrix interface and
stress transfer, mitigating the embrittlement of the material under accelerated carbonation.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Polymers
T1  - The Influence of Accelerated Carbonation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Fly Ash/Slag Mortars
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.3390/polym14091799
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Merta, Ildiko and Poletanovic, Bojan and Dragas, Jelena and Carevic, Vedran and Ignjatovic, Ivan and Komljenović, Miroslav M",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The physical and mechanical properties of hemp-fibre-reinforced alkali-activated (AA) mortars
under accelerated carbonation were evaluated. Two matrices of different physical and chemical
properties, i.e., a low Ca-containing and less dense one with fly ash (FA) and a high Ca-containing
and denser one with FA and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), were reinforced with fibres (10 mm,
0.5 vol% and 1.0 vol%). Under accelerated carbonation, due to the pore refinement resulting from
alkali and alkaline earth salt precipitation, AA hemp fibre mortars markedly (20%) decreased their
water absorption. FA-based hemp mortars increased significantly their compressive and flexural
strength (40% and 34%, respectively), whereas in the denser FA/GBFS matrix (due to the hindered
CO2 penetration, i.e., lower chemical reaction between CO2 and pore solution and gel products), only
a slight variation ( 10%) occurred. Under accelerated carbonation, embrittlement of the fibre/matrix
interface and of the whole composite occurred, accompanied by increased stiffness, decreased deformation
capacity and loss of the energy absorption capacity under flexure. FA-based matrices exhibited
more pronounced embrittlement than the denser FA/GBFS matrices. A combination of FA/GBFSbased
mortar reinforced with 0.5 vol% fibre dosage ensured an optimal fibre/matrix interface and
stress transfer, mitigating the embrittlement of the material under accelerated carbonation.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Polymers",
title = "The Influence of Accelerated Carbonation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Fly Ash/Slag Mortars",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.3390/polym14091799"
}

Merta, I., Poletanovic, B., Dragas, J., Carevic, V., Ignjatovic, I.,& Komljenović, M. M.. (2022). The Influence of Accelerated Carbonation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Fly Ash/Slag Mortars. in Polymers
MDPI., 14.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14091799

Merta I, Poletanovic B, Dragas J, Carevic V, Ignjatovic I, Komljenović MM. The Influence of Accelerated Carbonation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Fly Ash/Slag Mortars. in Polymers. 2022;14.
doi:10.3390/polym14091799 .

Merta, Ildiko, Poletanovic, Bojan, Dragas, Jelena, Carevic, Vedran, Ignjatovic, Ivan, Komljenović, Miroslav M, "The Influence of Accelerated Carbonation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Fly Ash/Slag Mortars" in Polymers, 14 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14091799 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Tanasijević, Gordana
AU  - Provis, John L.
AU  - Carević, Vedran
AU  - Ignjatović, Ivan
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2218
AB  - In this paper the effect of accelerated carbonation process on the effectiveness of immobilization of cesium
(simulated radioactive and toxic waste) in the alkali-activated blast furnace slag (AABFS) matrix was studied. Blast
furnace slag (BFS) was contaminated with 2% and 5% Cs (with respect to the dry BFS mass) and alkali-activated with
sodium silicate solution, while the AABFS samples were cured sealed in plastic envelopes for 24 h at 95oC. First series of
AABFS samples were exposed to accelerated carbonation (open curing), while the second (reference) series of AABFS
samples left to aging (also sealed) at room temperature until testing. Thereafter AABFS samples were subjected to a
short-term (five-day) leaching tests according to the ANSI/ANS-16.1-2003 standard. The strength of AABFS mortars were
tested according to the SRPS EN 196-1 standard, while the carbonation was confirmed by phenolphthalein test and SEM
analysis. The diffusion coefficient (D) and non-dimensional leachability index (L) of cesium leached from AABFS were
calculated according to the ANSI/ANS-16.1–2003 standard. A correlation between the accelerated carbonation process
and the effectiveness of immobilization of cesium in AABFS was established.
PB  - Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG)
C3  - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Construction Materials for a Sustainable Future
T1  - Effect of accelerated carbonation on the efficiency of immobilization of Cs in the alkaliactivated blast furnace slag
EP  - 311
SP  - 303/35
VL  - 1
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2218
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Tanasijević, Gordana and Provis, John L. and Carević, Vedran and Ignjatović, Ivan and Komljenović, Miroslav M",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In this paper the effect of accelerated carbonation process on the effectiveness of immobilization of cesium
(simulated radioactive and toxic waste) in the alkali-activated blast furnace slag (AABFS) matrix was studied. Blast
furnace slag (BFS) was contaminated with 2% and 5% Cs (with respect to the dry BFS mass) and alkali-activated with
sodium silicate solution, while the AABFS samples were cured sealed in plastic envelopes for 24 h at 95oC. First series of
AABFS samples were exposed to accelerated carbonation (open curing), while the second (reference) series of AABFS
samples left to aging (also sealed) at room temperature until testing. Thereafter AABFS samples were subjected to a
short-term (five-day) leaching tests according to the ANSI/ANS-16.1-2003 standard. The strength of AABFS mortars were
tested according to the SRPS EN 196-1 standard, while the carbonation was confirmed by phenolphthalein test and SEM
analysis. The diffusion coefficient (D) and non-dimensional leachability index (L) of cesium leached from AABFS were
calculated according to the ANSI/ANS-16.1–2003 standard. A correlation between the accelerated carbonation process
and the effectiveness of immobilization of cesium in AABFS was established.",
publisher = "Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG)",
journal = "Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Construction Materials for a Sustainable Future",
title = "Effect of accelerated carbonation on the efficiency of immobilization of Cs in the alkaliactivated blast furnace slag",
pages = "311-303/35",
volume = "1",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2218"
}

Tanasijević, G., Provis, J. L., Carević, V., Ignjatović, I.,& Komljenović, M. M.. (2021). Effect of accelerated carbonation on the efficiency of immobilization of Cs in the alkaliactivated blast furnace slag. in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Construction Materials for a Sustainable Future
Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG)., 1, 303/35-311.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2218

Tanasijević G, Provis JL, Carević V, Ignjatović I, Komljenović MM. Effect of accelerated carbonation on the efficiency of immobilization of Cs in the alkaliactivated blast furnace slag. in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Construction Materials for a Sustainable Future. 2021;1:303/35-311.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2218 .

Tanasijević, Gordana, Provis, John L., Carević, Vedran, Ignjatović, Ivan, Komljenović, Miroslav M, "Effect of accelerated carbonation on the efficiency of immobilization of Cs in the alkaliactivated blast furnace slag" in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Construction Materials for a Sustainable Future, 1 (2021):303/35-311,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2218 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Tanasijević, Gordana
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Provis, J. L.
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1321
AB  - Alkali-activated binders (AABs), as a promising alternative to Portland cement, are now being used on a commercial scale in various applications around the world, including hazardous and radioactive waste immobilization. In this paper, the leaching resistance, strength, and nanostructural alteration of alkali-activated blast furnace slag (AABFS) doped with 2 % and 5 % cesium were investigated. The addition of cesium caused a significant increase in the compressive strength of AABFS, followed by mild strength reduction after leaching. AABFS can be considered a potentially efficient matrix for cesium immobilization, since the mean leachability index in both cases (2 % and 5 % of Cs added) was above the threshold value of 6. Both doping with Cs and leaching caused the transformation of the AABFS nanostructure. The majority of the aluminum that was released from the C-A-S-H gel due to leaching remained within the AABFS matrix, initiating gel reconstruction: the C-A-S-H gel was converted to C-S-H gel, and an additional N-(C)-A-S-H gel was also formed. Cesium was preferentially associated with the N-(C)-A-S-H gel rather than with the C-A-S-H gel. The results of this research seem to be in good agreement with the Cross-linked Substituted Tobermorite Model (CSTM).
PB  - Elsevier, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
T1  - Immobilization of cesium with alkali-activated blast furnace slag
VL  - 388
DO  - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121765
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Komljenović, Miroslav M and Tanasijević, Gordana and Džunuzović, Nataša and Provis, J. L.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Alkali-activated binders (AABs), as a promising alternative to Portland cement, are now being used on a commercial scale in various applications around the world, including hazardous and radioactive waste immobilization. In this paper, the leaching resistance, strength, and nanostructural alteration of alkali-activated blast furnace slag (AABFS) doped with 2 % and 5 % cesium were investigated. The addition of cesium caused a significant increase in the compressive strength of AABFS, followed by mild strength reduction after leaching. AABFS can be considered a potentially efficient matrix for cesium immobilization, since the mean leachability index in both cases (2 % and 5 % of Cs added) was above the threshold value of 6. Both doping with Cs and leaching caused the transformation of the AABFS nanostructure. The majority of the aluminum that was released from the C-A-S-H gel due to leaching remained within the AABFS matrix, initiating gel reconstruction: the C-A-S-H gel was converted to C-S-H gel, and an additional N-(C)-A-S-H gel was also formed. Cesium was preferentially associated with the N-(C)-A-S-H gel rather than with the C-A-S-H gel. The results of this research seem to be in good agreement with the Cross-linked Substituted Tobermorite Model (CSTM).",
publisher = "Elsevier, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Hazardous Materials",
title = "Immobilization of cesium with alkali-activated blast furnace slag",
volume = "388",
doi = "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121765"
}

Komljenović, M. M., Tanasijević, G., Džunuzović, N.,& Provis, J. L.. (2020). Immobilization of cesium with alkali-activated blast furnace slag. in Journal of Hazardous Materials
Elsevier, Amsterdam., 388.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121765

Komljenović MM, Tanasijević G, Džunuzović N, Provis JL. Immobilization of cesium with alkali-activated blast furnace slag. in Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020;388.
doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121765 .

Komljenović, Miroslav M, Tanasijević, Gordana, Džunuzović, Nataša, Provis, J. L., "Immobilization of cesium with alkali-activated blast furnace slag" in Journal of Hazardous Materials, 388 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121765 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poletanović, Bojan
AU  - Dragas, Jelena
AU  - Ignjatović, Ivan
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Merta, Ildiko
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1323
AB  - Two alkali-activated mortars with different solid prime materials were analysed. The first mortar contained fly ash, had lower density, higher water absorption, lower compactness, lower compressive strength, similar flexural strength and was less brittle than the second one with fly ash + slag. The addition of hemp fibres slightly changed the mortars' density, water absorption, compressive and flexural strength, however significantly increased its energy absorption capacity. The initially more brittle matrix exhibited significantly higher relative toughness increase. The smoother and less porous fibre/matrix interface assured through numerous fibre/matrix contact points a more optimal fibre/matrix interfacial bond- and frictional stress transfer.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Construction and Building Materials
T1  - Physical and mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced alkali-activated fly ash and fly ash/slag mortars
VL  - 259
DO  - 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119677
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Poletanović, Bojan and Dragas, Jelena and Ignjatović, Ivan and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Merta, Ildiko",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Two alkali-activated mortars with different solid prime materials were analysed. The first mortar contained fly ash, had lower density, higher water absorption, lower compactness, lower compressive strength, similar flexural strength and was less brittle than the second one with fly ash + slag. The addition of hemp fibres slightly changed the mortars' density, water absorption, compressive and flexural strength, however significantly increased its energy absorption capacity. The initially more brittle matrix exhibited significantly higher relative toughness increase. The smoother and less porous fibre/matrix interface assured through numerous fibre/matrix contact points a more optimal fibre/matrix interfacial bond- and frictional stress transfer.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Construction and Building Materials",
title = "Physical and mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced alkali-activated fly ash and fly ash/slag mortars",
volume = "259",
doi = "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119677"
}

Poletanović, B., Dragas, J., Ignjatović, I., Komljenović, M. M.,& Merta, I.. (2020). Physical and mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced alkali-activated fly ash and fly ash/slag mortars. in Construction and Building Materials
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 259.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119677

Poletanović B, Dragas J, Ignjatović I, Komljenović MM, Merta I. Physical and mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced alkali-activated fly ash and fly ash/slag mortars. in Construction and Building Materials. 2020;259.
doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119677 .

Poletanović, Bojan, Dragas, Jelena, Ignjatović, Ivan, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Merta, Ildiko, "Physical and mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced alkali-activated fly ash and fly ash/slag mortars" in Construction and Building Materials, 259 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119677 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ivanović, Tijana G.
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M.
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša M.
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta M.
AU  - Tanasijević, Gordana G.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3108
AB  - The present paper investigated the influence of mechanical activation of fly ash and various parameters, such as curing temperature and concentration of foaming agent (Al powder), on physical-mechanical characteristics of lightweight geopolymers. Prior to alkali activation, fly ash was mechanically activated in a high energy planetary ball mill. Lightweight geopolymers were obtained by mixing the mechanically activated fly ash with various amounts of Al powder and sodium silicate solution (SiO2/Na2O mass ratio of 1.5). Geopolymer paste samples were cured covered in plastic either at room temperature for 28 days or at elevated temperature (95 oC) for 4 hours. It was observed that the mechanical activation of fly ash resulted in a drastic increase of geopolymer compressive strength regardless of curing conditions, preserving the lightweight properties at the same time. The lightweight geopolymers based on mechanically activated fly ash might be used both in constructive and insulating applications.
PB  - RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Rovinj, Croatia
C3  - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) New Generation of Construction Materials
T1  - Improving mechanical characteristics of lightweight geopolymers through mechanical activation of fly ash
EP  - 565
SP  - 558
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_3108
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ivanović, Tijana G. and Komljenović, Miroslav M. and Džunuzović, Nataša M. and Nikolić, Violeta M. and Tanasijević, Gordana G.",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The present paper investigated the influence of mechanical activation of fly ash and various parameters, such as curing temperature and concentration of foaming agent (Al powder), on physical-mechanical characteristics of lightweight geopolymers. Prior to alkali activation, fly ash was mechanically activated in a high energy planetary ball mill. Lightweight geopolymers were obtained by mixing the mechanically activated fly ash with various amounts of Al powder and sodium silicate solution (SiO2/Na2O mass ratio of 1.5). Geopolymer paste samples were cured covered in plastic either at room temperature for 28 days or at elevated temperature (95 oC) for 4 hours. It was observed that the mechanical activation of fly ash resulted in a drastic increase of geopolymer compressive strength regardless of curing conditions, preserving the lightweight properties at the same time. The lightweight geopolymers based on mechanically activated fly ash might be used both in constructive and insulating applications.",
publisher = "RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Rovinj, Croatia",
journal = "International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) New Generation of Construction Materials",
title = "Improving mechanical characteristics of lightweight geopolymers through mechanical activation of fly ash",
pages = "565-558",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_3108"
}

Ivanović, T. G., Komljenović, M. M., Džunuzović, N. M., Nikolić, V. M.,& Tanasijević, G. G.. (2019). Improving mechanical characteristics of lightweight geopolymers through mechanical activation of fly ash. in International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) New Generation of Construction Materials
RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Rovinj, Croatia., 558-565.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_3108

Ivanović TG, Komljenović MM, Džunuzović NM, Nikolić VM, Tanasijević GG. Improving mechanical characteristics of lightweight geopolymers through mechanical activation of fly ash. in International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) New Generation of Construction Materials. 2019;:558-565.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_3108 .

Ivanović, Tijana G., Komljenović, Miroslav M., Džunuzović, Nataša M., Nikolić, Violeta M., Tanasijević, Gordana G., "Improving mechanical characteristics of lightweight geopolymers through mechanical activation of fly ash" in International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) New Generation of Construction Materials (2019):558-565,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_3108 .

Džunuzović, N., Ivanović, T., Komljenović, M. M., Ršumović, M.,& Tanasijević, G.. (2019). Tехнолошки поступак синтезе порозних материјала на бази алкално активиране смеше (композита) електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране „Морава“ - Свилајнац и згуре високе пећи из железаре „Hesteel Serbia Iron & Steel, d.o.o.“ - Смедерево. in 2019.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2618

Džunuzović N, Ivanović T, Komljenović MM, Ršumović M, Tanasijević G. Tехнолошки поступак синтезе порозних материјала на бази алкално активиране смеше (композита) електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране „Морава“ - Свилајнац и згуре високе пећи из железаре „Hesteel Serbia Iron & Steel, d.o.o.“ - Смедерево. in 2019. 2019;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2618 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Ivanović, Tijana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Ršumović, Mihailo, Tanasijević, Gordana, "Tехнолошки поступак синтезе порозних материјала на бази алкално активиране смеше (композита) електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране „Морава“ - Свилајнац и згуре високе пећи из железаре „Hesteel Serbia Iron & Steel, d.o.o.“ - Смедерево" in 2019 (2019),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2618 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rubinjoni, Luka Z.
AU  - Čeliković, Igor T.
AU  - Tanasijević, Gordana
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Lončar, Boris B.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2300
AB  - Geopolymers are a type of alkali activated binders,
inorganic aluminosilicate polymers with amorphous cross-linked
structure. Fly-ash is produced in abundance during coal firing,
and poses an environmental and health risk in untreated powder
form. Fly-ash geopolymer presents a sustainable alternative to
Portland cement, due to lower net greenhouse gas emissions.
Presence of naturally occurring radioactive elements in fly-ash is
one of the factors taken into account when estimating the safety
of fly-ash based building materials. Radon, a radioactive noble
gas originating from the decay of radium, can leave the material
and contribute to internal dose in closed spaces, so radon
exhalation is of special interest. Radon exhalation for a standard
sample of fly-ash geopolymer mortar was measured.
PB  - Društvo za elektroniku, telekomunikacije, računarstvo, automatiku i nuklearnu tehniku, Srebrno jezero, Srbija
C3  - 6th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2019
T1  - Radon exhalation from fly-ash geopolymer mortar
SP  - 1083
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2300
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Rubinjoni, Luka Z. and Čeliković, Igor T. and Tanasijević, Gordana and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Lončar, Boris B.",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Geopolymers are a type of alkali activated binders,
inorganic aluminosilicate polymers with amorphous cross-linked
structure. Fly-ash is produced in abundance during coal firing,
and poses an environmental and health risk in untreated powder
form. Fly-ash geopolymer presents a sustainable alternative to
Portland cement, due to lower net greenhouse gas emissions.
Presence of naturally occurring radioactive elements in fly-ash is
one of the factors taken into account when estimating the safety
of fly-ash based building materials. Radon, a radioactive noble
gas originating from the decay of radium, can leave the material
and contribute to internal dose in closed spaces, so radon
exhalation is of special interest. Radon exhalation for a standard
sample of fly-ash geopolymer mortar was measured.",
publisher = "Društvo za elektroniku, telekomunikacije, računarstvo, automatiku i nuklearnu tehniku, Srebrno jezero, Srbija",
journal = "6th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2019",
title = "Radon exhalation from fly-ash geopolymer mortar",
pages = "1083",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2300"
}

Rubinjoni, L. Z., Čeliković, I. T., Tanasijević, G., Komljenović, M. M.,& Lončar, B. B.. (2019). Radon exhalation from fly-ash geopolymer mortar. in 6th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2019
Društvo za elektroniku, telekomunikacije, računarstvo, automatiku i nuklearnu tehniku, Srebrno jezero, Srbija., 1083.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2300

Rubinjoni LZ, Čeliković IT, Tanasijević G, Komljenović MM, Lončar BB. Radon exhalation from fly-ash geopolymer mortar. in 6th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2019. 2019;:1083.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2300 .

Rubinjoni, Luka Z., Čeliković, Igor T., Tanasijević, Gordana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Lončar, Boris B., "Radon exhalation from fly-ash geopolymer mortar" in 6th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2019 (2019):1083,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2300 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Ivanović, Tijana
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1187
AB  - This paper investigates the influence of mechanical activation of fly ash on the toxic metals immobilization by fly ash-based geopolymers. Fly ash was firstly mechanically and then alkali-activated. Mechanical activation of fly ash was conducted in a planetary ball mill. Alkali activation of fly ash was carried out at room temperature by use of sodium silicate solution as an activator. Toxic metals (Pb and Cr) were added in the form of water soluble salts during the synthesis of geopolymers. The immobilization process was assessed via investigation of the mechanical and leaching properties of geopolymers. Structural changes of geopolymers during the toxic metals immobilization were assessed by means of gas adsorption and SEM analyses. Mechanical activation of fly ash led to a significant increase in geopolymer strength and to a reduced leaching of toxic metals from geopolymers.
PB  - Trans Tech Publications Ltd
C3  - Key Engineering Materials
T1  - The influence of mechanical activation of fly ash on the toxic metals immobilization by fly ash-based geopolymers
EP  - 6
SP  - 3
VL  - 761 KEM
DO  - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.761.3
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Violeta and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Džunuzović, Nataša and Ivanović, Tijana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "This paper investigates the influence of mechanical activation of fly ash on the toxic metals immobilization by fly ash-based geopolymers. Fly ash was firstly mechanically and then alkali-activated. Mechanical activation of fly ash was conducted in a planetary ball mill. Alkali activation of fly ash was carried out at room temperature by use of sodium silicate solution as an activator. Toxic metals (Pb and Cr) were added in the form of water soluble salts during the synthesis of geopolymers. The immobilization process was assessed via investigation of the mechanical and leaching properties of geopolymers. Structural changes of geopolymers during the toxic metals immobilization were assessed by means of gas adsorption and SEM analyses. Mechanical activation of fly ash led to a significant increase in geopolymer strength and to a reduced leaching of toxic metals from geopolymers.",
publisher = "Trans Tech Publications Ltd",
journal = "Key Engineering Materials",
title = "The influence of mechanical activation of fly ash on the toxic metals immobilization by fly ash-based geopolymers",
pages = "6-3",
volume = "761 KEM",
doi = "10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.761.3"
}

Nikolić, V., Komljenović, M. M., Džunuzović, N.,& Ivanović, T.. (2018). The influence of mechanical activation of fly ash on the toxic metals immobilization by fly ash-based geopolymers. in Key Engineering Materials
Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 761 KEM, 3-6.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.761.3

Nikolić V, Komljenović MM, Džunuzović N, Ivanović T. The influence of mechanical activation of fly ash on the toxic metals immobilization by fly ash-based geopolymers. in Key Engineering Materials. 2018;761 KEM:3-6.
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.761.3 .

Nikolić, Violeta, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Džunuzović, Nataša, Ivanović, Tijana, "The influence of mechanical activation of fly ash on the toxic metals immobilization by fly ash-based geopolymers" in Key Engineering Materials, 761 KEM (2018):3-6,
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.761.3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, V.
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Miladinović, Zoran P.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1184
AB  - Preventing or reducing negative effects on the environment from the waste landfilling is the main goal defined by the European Landfill Directive. Generally geopolymers can be considered as sustainable binders for immobilization of hazardous wastes containing different toxic elements. In this paper the influence of addition of high amount of lead on structure, strength, and leaching behavior (the effectiveness of Pb immobilization) of fly ash-based geopolymers depending on the geopolymer curing conditions was investigated. Lead was added during the synthesis of geopolymers in the form of highly soluble salt - lead-nitrate. Structural changes of geopolymers as a result of lead addition/immobilization were assessed by means of XRD, SEM/EDS, and Si-29 MAS NMR analysis. Investigated curing conditions significantly influenced structure, strength and leaching behavior of geopolymers. High addition of lead caused a sizeable decrease in compressive strength of geopolymers and promoted formation of aluminum-deficient aluminosilicate gel (de polymerization of aluminosilicate gel), regardless of the curing conditions investigated. According to the EUWAC limitations, 4% of lead was successfully immobilized by fly ash-based geopolymers cured for 28 days in a humid chamber at room temperature.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
T1  - The influence of Pb addition on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers
EP  - 107
SP  - 98
VL  - 350
DO  - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.023
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, V. and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Džunuzović, Nataša and Miladinović, Zoran P.",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Preventing or reducing negative effects on the environment from the waste landfilling is the main goal defined by the European Landfill Directive. Generally geopolymers can be considered as sustainable binders for immobilization of hazardous wastes containing different toxic elements. In this paper the influence of addition of high amount of lead on structure, strength, and leaching behavior (the effectiveness of Pb immobilization) of fly ash-based geopolymers depending on the geopolymer curing conditions was investigated. Lead was added during the synthesis of geopolymers in the form of highly soluble salt - lead-nitrate. Structural changes of geopolymers as a result of lead addition/immobilization were assessed by means of XRD, SEM/EDS, and Si-29 MAS NMR analysis. Investigated curing conditions significantly influenced structure, strength and leaching behavior of geopolymers. High addition of lead caused a sizeable decrease in compressive strength of geopolymers and promoted formation of aluminum-deficient aluminosilicate gel (de polymerization of aluminosilicate gel), regardless of the curing conditions investigated. According to the EUWAC limitations, 4% of lead was successfully immobilized by fly ash-based geopolymers cured for 28 days in a humid chamber at room temperature.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Journal of Hazardous Materials",
title = "The influence of Pb addition on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers",
pages = "107-98",
volume = "350",
doi = "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.023"
}

Nikolić, V., Komljenović, M. M., Džunuzović, N.,& Miladinović, Z. P.. (2018). The influence of Pb addition on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers. in Journal of Hazardous Materials
Elsevier B.V.., 350, 98-107.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.023

Nikolić V, Komljenović MM, Džunuzović N, Miladinović ZP. The influence of Pb addition on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers. in Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2018;350:98-107.
doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.023 .

Nikolić, V., Komljenović, Miroslav M, Džunuzović, Nataša, Miladinović, Zoran P., "The influence of Pb addition on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers" in Journal of Hazardous Materials, 350 (2018):98-107,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.023 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1129
AB  - Durability of binders, mortars and concretes in aggressive environments is of crucial importance for their commercial application. In this paper the resistance to external sulfate attack of two different alkali-activated binders (AABs), based either on blast furnace slag (BFS) or fly ash/blast furnace slag (FA/BFS) blend, was compared with two different commercially available Portland cement (CEM II) blended either with BFS or with FA and BFS. Comparison of sulfate resistance was based on compressive strength testing (the loss of strength) of mortar samples exposed to sodium sulfate attack up to 180 days and samples cured under controlled conditions for the same period of time. Furthermore, the evolution of microstructure of alkali-activated binders and pH of sodium silicate solution during testing were also analyzed. Despite different gel chemistry being involved, both alkali-activated binders based either on BFS or FA/BFS blend showed excellent resistance to external sulfate attack and even better than selected Portland cements tested under the same experimental conditions.
PB  - E D P Sciences, Cedex A
C3  - 8th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2018)
T1  - Resistance to external sulfate attack - Comparison of two alkali-activated binders
VL  - 163
DO  - 10.1051/matecconf/201816306001
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Komljenović, Miroslav M and Džunuzović, Nataša and Nikolić, Violeta",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Durability of binders, mortars and concretes in aggressive environments is of crucial importance for their commercial application. In this paper the resistance to external sulfate attack of two different alkali-activated binders (AABs), based either on blast furnace slag (BFS) or fly ash/blast furnace slag (FA/BFS) blend, was compared with two different commercially available Portland cement (CEM II) blended either with BFS or with FA and BFS. Comparison of sulfate resistance was based on compressive strength testing (the loss of strength) of mortar samples exposed to sodium sulfate attack up to 180 days and samples cured under controlled conditions for the same period of time. Furthermore, the evolution of microstructure of alkali-activated binders and pH of sodium silicate solution during testing were also analyzed. Despite different gel chemistry being involved, both alkali-activated binders based either on BFS or FA/BFS blend showed excellent resistance to external sulfate attack and even better than selected Portland cements tested under the same experimental conditions.",
publisher = "E D P Sciences, Cedex A",
journal = "8th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2018)",
title = "Resistance to external sulfate attack - Comparison of two alkali-activated binders",
volume = "163",
doi = "10.1051/matecconf/201816306001"
}

Komljenović, M. M., Džunuzović, N.,& Nikolić, V.. (2018). Resistance to external sulfate attack - Comparison of two alkali-activated binders. in 8th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2018)
E D P Sciences, Cedex A., 163.
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816306001

Komljenović MM, Džunuzović N, Nikolić V. Resistance to external sulfate attack - Comparison of two alkali-activated binders. in 8th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2018). 2018;163.
doi:10.1051/matecconf/201816306001 .

Komljenović, Miroslav M, Džunuzović, Nataša, Nikolić, Violeta, "Resistance to external sulfate attack - Comparison of two alkali-activated binders" in 8th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2018), 163 (2018),
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816306001 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
AU  - Ivanović, Tijana
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1043
AB  - Reliable durability testing of alkali-activated binders, which might serve as a basis for the prediction of long-term field performance, is one of the main challenges towards broader commercial applications of AAB. This study investigated the influence of 5% Na2SO4 solution on mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated binder based on fly ash and blast furnace slag (FA-BFS) composite. The influence of Na2SO4 solution was investigated during the period of 180 days and estimated by comparison with the reference samples simultaneously cured in a humid chamber and with the benchmark material CEM II. Strength, leaching (ICP-OES), pH, XRD, ATR-FTIR, and SEM/EDS analyses were performed. The Strength Loss Index was higher than 1 throughout the whole period of testing indicating strength increase during the exposure to sulfate attack rather than the loss of strength. Slower compressive strength development of the samples exposed to the sulfate solution in comparison with the reference samples was also observed. The exposure of alkali-activated binder to the sulfate solution led to a decrease in the Si/Al atomic ratio of binder matrix due to the leaching of Si, causing slower compressive strength development at the same time. The accelerated testing method used confirmed high resistance both of alkali-activated binder based on fly ash-blast furnace slag and CEM II to external sulfate attack and at the same time confirmed its ability to discriminate the resistance of different type of binders to sulfate aggressive environment.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Construction and Building Materials
T1  - External sulfate attack on alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag composite
EP  - 747
SP  - 737
VL  - 157
DO  - 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.159
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Džunuzović, Nataša and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Nikolić, Violeta and Ivanović, Tijana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Reliable durability testing of alkali-activated binders, which might serve as a basis for the prediction of long-term field performance, is one of the main challenges towards broader commercial applications of AAB. This study investigated the influence of 5% Na2SO4 solution on mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated binder based on fly ash and blast furnace slag (FA-BFS) composite. The influence of Na2SO4 solution was investigated during the period of 180 days and estimated by comparison with the reference samples simultaneously cured in a humid chamber and with the benchmark material CEM II. Strength, leaching (ICP-OES), pH, XRD, ATR-FTIR, and SEM/EDS analyses were performed. The Strength Loss Index was higher than 1 throughout the whole period of testing indicating strength increase during the exposure to sulfate attack rather than the loss of strength. Slower compressive strength development of the samples exposed to the sulfate solution in comparison with the reference samples was also observed. The exposure of alkali-activated binder to the sulfate solution led to a decrease in the Si/Al atomic ratio of binder matrix due to the leaching of Si, causing slower compressive strength development at the same time. The accelerated testing method used confirmed high resistance both of alkali-activated binder based on fly ash-blast furnace slag and CEM II to external sulfate attack and at the same time confirmed its ability to discriminate the resistance of different type of binders to sulfate aggressive environment.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Construction and Building Materials",
title = "External sulfate attack on alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag composite",
pages = "747-737",
volume = "157",
doi = "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.159"
}

Džunuzović, N., Komljenović, M. M., Nikolić, V.,& Ivanović, T.. (2017). External sulfate attack on alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag composite. in Construction and Building Materials
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 157, 737-747.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.159

Džunuzović N, Komljenović MM, Nikolić V, Ivanović T. External sulfate attack on alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag composite. in Construction and Building Materials. 2017;157:737-747.
doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.159 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Nikolić, Violeta, Ivanović, Tijana, "External sulfate attack on alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag composite" in Construction and Building Materials, 157 (2017):737-747,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.159 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Ivanović, Tijana
AU  - Miladinović, Zoran P.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1041
AB  - In this paper the immobilization of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) by fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers was investigated, depending on FA characteristics, mechanical activation of FA, geopolymer synthesis conditions and concentration of Cr added. The effectiveness of Cr immobilization was determined via investigation of geopolymer compressive strength and Cr leaching. Structural changes of geopolymers during the Cr immobilization were assessed by means of gas adsorption, XRD, and NMR analysis. FA reactivity was a key factor determining both physical-mechanical and immobilizing properties of geopolymers. Mechanical activation of FA caused an increase of both geopolymer strength and effectiveness of Cr immobilization. The presence of Cr induced physical-mechanical and structural changes in geopolymers. The correlation between concentration of Cr leached and geopolymer physical-mechanical and structural parameters was established.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Composites Part B-Engineering
T1  - Immobilization of hexavalent chromium by fly ash-based geopolymers
EP  - 223
SP  - 213
VL  - 112
DO  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.024
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Violeta and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Džunuzović, Nataša and Ivanović, Tijana and Miladinović, Zoran P.",
year = "2017",
abstract = "In this paper the immobilization of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) by fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers was investigated, depending on FA characteristics, mechanical activation of FA, geopolymer synthesis conditions and concentration of Cr added. The effectiveness of Cr immobilization was determined via investigation of geopolymer compressive strength and Cr leaching. Structural changes of geopolymers during the Cr immobilization were assessed by means of gas adsorption, XRD, and NMR analysis. FA reactivity was a key factor determining both physical-mechanical and immobilizing properties of geopolymers. Mechanical activation of FA caused an increase of both geopolymer strength and effectiveness of Cr immobilization. The presence of Cr induced physical-mechanical and structural changes in geopolymers. The correlation between concentration of Cr leached and geopolymer physical-mechanical and structural parameters was established.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Composites Part B-Engineering",
title = "Immobilization of hexavalent chromium by fly ash-based geopolymers",
pages = "223-213",
volume = "112",
doi = "10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.024"
}

Nikolić, V., Komljenović, M. M., Džunuzović, N., Ivanović, T.,& Miladinović, Z. P.. (2017). Immobilization of hexavalent chromium by fly ash-based geopolymers. in Composites Part B-Engineering
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 112, 213-223.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.024

Nikolić V, Komljenović MM, Džunuzović N, Ivanović T, Miladinović ZP. Immobilization of hexavalent chromium by fly ash-based geopolymers. in Composites Part B-Engineering. 2017;112:213-223.
doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.024 .

Nikolić, Violeta, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Džunuzović, Nataša, Ivanović, Tijana, Miladinović, Zoran P., "Immobilization of hexavalent chromium by fly ash-based geopolymers" in Composites Part B-Engineering, 112 (2017):213-223,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.024 . .

Džunuzović, N., Komljenović, M. M., Nikolić, V., Petrašinović-Stojkanović, L., Ivanović, T.,& Ršumović, M.. (2016). Tехнолошки поступак добијања алкално активираних композита отпорних на дејство хемијски агресивне средине. in 2016.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2506

Džunuzović N, Komljenović MM, Nikolić V, Petrašinović-Stojkanović L, Ivanović T, Ršumović M. Tехнолошки поступак добијања алкално активираних композита отпорних на дејство хемијски агресивне средине. in 2016. 2016;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2506 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Nikolić, Violeta, Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana, Ivanović, Tijana, Ršumović, Mihailo, "Tехнолошки поступак добијања алкално активираних композита отпорних на дејство хемијски агресивне средине" in 2016 (2016),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2506 .

Baščarević, Z., Komljenović, M. M., Ršumović, M., Džunuzović, N.,& Nikolić, V.. (2016). Технолошки поступак синтезе термостабилног геополимера на бази електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава - Свилајнац применом комбинација раствора натријум-силиката и калијум-хидроксида као алкалног активатора. in 2016.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2613

Baščarević Z, Komljenović MM, Ršumović M, Džunuzović N, Nikolić V. Технолошки поступак синтезе термостабилног геополимера на бази електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава - Свилајнац применом комбинација раствора натријум-силиката и калијум-хидроксида као алкалног активатора. in 2016. 2016;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2613 .

Baščarević, Zvezdana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Ršumović, Mihailo, Džunuzović, Nataša, Nikolić, Violeta, "Технолошки поступак синтезе термостабилног геополимера на бази електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава - Свилајнац применом комбинација раствора натријум-силиката и калијум-хидроксида као алкалног активатора" in 2016 (2016),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2613 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Nikolic, Violeta
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Baščarević, Zvezdana
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2982
AB  - Alkali activated materials (AAM) are produced by a chemical reaction between solid raw materials and alkaline solution. The strength, as the most important mechanical property, is commonly used as a basic measure of usability of different raw materials in the production of AAM. 
Raw materials differ markedly in physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. Most common types of raw materials used for AAM production are calcined materials, such as metallurgical slags, thermally activated (calcined) clays, and fly ashes based on the coal combustion. Calcined materials are mostly amorphous since the calcination process activates materials by changing their crystalline structure into amorphous one. Non-calcined raw materials, such as kaolinite, mine tailings and naturally occurring minerals, are also used. 
During the alkali activation process, the vitreous phase of raw materials dissolves, forming calciumsilicate or aluminosilicate gel afterwards. This reaction depends on a whole series of parameters such as: raw materials particle size distribution, amount and chemical composition of vitreous phase, as well as the activator type, concentration, and pH of the activator solution. Conditions of the reaction of alkali activation, such as temperature, time and relative humidity, also have a great impact on the microstructure development, and thereafter on the strength of AAM.
PB  - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade
C3  - 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials
T1  - Alkali activated materials: crucial factors affecting the strength
EP  - 47
SP  - 47
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2982
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Komljenović, Miroslav M and Nikolic, Violeta and Džunuzović, Nataša and Baščarević, Zvezdana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Alkali activated materials (AAM) are produced by a chemical reaction between solid raw materials and alkaline solution. The strength, as the most important mechanical property, is commonly used as a basic measure of usability of different raw materials in the production of AAM. 
Raw materials differ markedly in physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. Most common types of raw materials used for AAM production are calcined materials, such as metallurgical slags, thermally activated (calcined) clays, and fly ashes based on the coal combustion. Calcined materials are mostly amorphous since the calcination process activates materials by changing their crystalline structure into amorphous one. Non-calcined raw materials, such as kaolinite, mine tailings and naturally occurring minerals, are also used. 
During the alkali activation process, the vitreous phase of raw materials dissolves, forming calciumsilicate or aluminosilicate gel afterwards. This reaction depends on a whole series of parameters such as: raw materials particle size distribution, amount and chemical composition of vitreous phase, as well as the activator type, concentration, and pH of the activator solution. Conditions of the reaction of alkali activation, such as temperature, time and relative humidity, also have a great impact on the microstructure development, and thereafter on the strength of AAM.",
publisher = "Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade",
journal = "3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials",
title = "Alkali activated materials: crucial factors affecting the strength",
pages = "47-47",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2982"
}

Komljenović, M. M., Nikolic, V., Džunuzović, N.,& Baščarević, Z.. (2015). Alkali activated materials: crucial factors affecting the strength. in 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials
Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade., 47-47.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2982

Komljenović MM, Nikolic V, Džunuzović N, Baščarević Z. Alkali activated materials: crucial factors affecting the strength. in 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials. 2015;:47-47.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2982 .

Komljenović, Miroslav M, Nikolic, Violeta, Džunuzović, Nataša, Baščarević, Zvezdana, "Alkali activated materials: crucial factors affecting the strength" in 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials (2015):47-47,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2982 .

Baščarević, Z., Komljenović, M. M., Ršumović, M., Petrašinović-Stojkanović, L., Džunuzović, N.,& Nikolic, V.. (2015). Технолошки поступак синтезе термостабилног геополимера на бази електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава - Свилајнац применом раствора натријум-силиката модула 1,5 као алкалног активатора. .
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2983

Baščarević Z, Komljenović MM, Ršumović M, Petrašinović-Stojkanović L, Džunuzović N, Nikolic V. Технолошки поступак синтезе термостабилног геополимера на бази електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава - Свилајнац применом раствора натријум-силиката модула 1,5 као алкалног активатора. 2015;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2983 .

Baščarević, Zvezdana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Ršumović, Mihailo, Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana, Džunuzović, Nataša, Nikolic, Violeta, "Технолошки поступак синтезе термостабилног геополимера на бази електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава - Свилајнац применом раствора натријум-силиката модула 1,5 као алкалног активатора" (2015),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2983 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Baščarević, Zvezdana
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Miladinović, Zoran
AU  - Nikolic, Violeta
AU  - Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Ršumović, Mihailo
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2991
AB  - In the last decade, great scientific attention has been devoted to alkali activated materials, including geopolymers and other related materials. These materials are seen as promising alternative binders, with a possibility to reduce CO2 emission associated with production of traditionally used Portland cement. Alkali activated materials are produced by reaction of solid silicate and/or aluminosilicate precursors with alkaline solution. Possibility to use waste materials, such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, as raw materials for alkali activated materials production is the second advantage of these alternative binders. However, wider commercial adoption of alkali activated materials is somewhat hindered by the lack of data on long-term properties and durability. In this work, we will give an overview of the results obtained when alkali activated materials are subjected to different aggressive environments.
PB  - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade
C3  - 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials
T1  - Durability of alkali activated materials
EP  - 50
SP  - 50
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2991
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Baščarević, Zvezdana and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Džunuzović, Nataša and Miladinović, Zoran and Nikolic, Violeta and Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana and Ršumović, Mihailo",
year = "2015",
abstract = "In the last decade, great scientific attention has been devoted to alkali activated materials, including geopolymers and other related materials. These materials are seen as promising alternative binders, with a possibility to reduce CO2 emission associated with production of traditionally used Portland cement. Alkali activated materials are produced by reaction of solid silicate and/or aluminosilicate precursors with alkaline solution. Possibility to use waste materials, such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, as raw materials for alkali activated materials production is the second advantage of these alternative binders. However, wider commercial adoption of alkali activated materials is somewhat hindered by the lack of data on long-term properties and durability. In this work, we will give an overview of the results obtained when alkali activated materials are subjected to different aggressive environments.",
publisher = "Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade",
journal = "3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials",
title = "Durability of alkali activated materials",
pages = "50-50",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2991"
}

Baščarević, Z., Komljenović, M. M., Džunuzović, N., Miladinović, Z., Nikolic, V., Petrašinović-Stojkanović, L.,& Ršumović, M.. (2015). Durability of alkali activated materials. in 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials
Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade., 50-50.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2991

Baščarević Z, Komljenović MM, Džunuzović N, Miladinović Z, Nikolic V, Petrašinović-Stojkanović L, Ršumović M. Durability of alkali activated materials. in 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials. 2015;:50-50.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2991 .

Baščarević, Zvezdana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Džunuzović, Nataša, Miladinović, Zoran, Nikolic, Violeta, Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana, Ršumović, Mihailo, "Durability of alkali activated materials" in 3rd Conference of the Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials (2015):50-50,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2991 .

Nikolić, V., Komljenović, M. M., Petrašinović-Stojkanović, L., Baščarević, Z., Džunuzović, N.,& Ršumović, M.. (2015). Технолошки поступак солидификације/стабилизације олова геополимерима на бази алкално активираног електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава. in 2015.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2678

Nikolić V, Komljenović MM, Petrašinović-Stojkanović L, Baščarević Z, Džunuzović N, Ršumović M. Технолошки поступак солидификације/стабилизације олова геополимерима на бази алкално активираног електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава. in 2015. 2015;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2678 .

Nikolić, Violeta, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana, Baščarević, Zvezdana, Džunuzović, Nataša, Ršumović, Mihailo, "Технолошки поступак солидификације/стабилизације олова геополимерима на бази алкално активираног електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране Морава" in 2015 (2015),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2678 .

Džunuzović, N., Komljenović, M. M., Baščarević, Z., Nikolić, V., Petrašinović-Stojkanović, L.,& Ršumović, M.. (2015). Tехнолошки поступак синтезе везива алкалном активацијом смеше електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране ''Морава'' и згуре високе пећи из железаре ''Смедерево''. in 2015.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2664

Džunuzović N, Komljenović MM, Baščarević Z, Nikolić V, Petrašinović-Stojkanović L, Ršumović M. Tехнолошки поступак синтезе везива алкалном активацијом смеше електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране ''Морава'' и згуре високе пећи из железаре ''Смедерево''. in 2015. 2015;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2664 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Baščarević, Zvezdana, Nikolić, Violeta, Petrašinović-Stojkanović, Ljiljana, Ršumović, Mihailo, "Tехнолошки поступак синтезе везива алкалном активацијом смеше електрофилтерског пепела из термоелектране ''Морава'' и згуре високе пећи из железаре ''Смедерево''" in 2015 (2015),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimsi_2664 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Baščarević, Zvezdana
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/901
AB  - Poor reactivity of fly ash (FA) in alkali activation process can be improved either by mechanical activation of fly ash or by blending fly ash with more reactive material, such as blast furnace slag (BFS). Both options were explored in this paper and comparison was performed. Mechanical activation of fly ash was conducted in a planetary ball mill, while blends of fly ash and blast furnace slag were prepared with different ratios (FA/(FA+ BFS) = 1; 0.75; 0.50; 0.25; 0). Alkali activation was carried out at 95 degrees C by use of sodium silicate solution as an activator. In both cases significant increase of geopolymer strength was observed in respect to the geopolymer based on the initial fly ash. Optimal geopolymer strength was correlated with the chemical composition of the binding gel. Empirical values of optimal gel composition could serve as a basis for tailoring properties of alkali-activated binders based on different precursors. Both alkali-activated systems represent promissing routes for geopolymer technology development.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
C3  - 7th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2015)
T1  - Comparison of two alkali-activated systems: mechanically activated fly ash and fly ash-blast furnace slag blends
EP  - 238
SP  - 231
VL  - 108
DO  - 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.142
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Džunuzović, Nataša and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Baščarević, Zvezdana and Nikolić, Violeta",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Poor reactivity of fly ash (FA) in alkali activation process can be improved either by mechanical activation of fly ash or by blending fly ash with more reactive material, such as blast furnace slag (BFS). Both options were explored in this paper and comparison was performed. Mechanical activation of fly ash was conducted in a planetary ball mill, while blends of fly ash and blast furnace slag were prepared with different ratios (FA/(FA+ BFS) = 1; 0.75; 0.50; 0.25; 0). Alkali activation was carried out at 95 degrees C by use of sodium silicate solution as an activator. In both cases significant increase of geopolymer strength was observed in respect to the geopolymer based on the initial fly ash. Optimal geopolymer strength was correlated with the chemical composition of the binding gel. Empirical values of optimal gel composition could serve as a basis for tailoring properties of alkali-activated binders based on different precursors. Both alkali-activated systems represent promissing routes for geopolymer technology development.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "7th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2015)",
title = "Comparison of two alkali-activated systems: mechanically activated fly ash and fly ash-blast furnace slag blends",
pages = "238-231",
volume = "108",
doi = "10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.142"
}

Džunuzović, N., Komljenović, M. M., Baščarević, Z.,& Nikolić, V.. (2015). Comparison of two alkali-activated systems: mechanically activated fly ash and fly ash-blast furnace slag blends. in 7th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2015)
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 108, 231-238.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.142

Džunuzović N, Komljenović MM, Baščarević Z, Nikolić V. Comparison of two alkali-activated systems: mechanically activated fly ash and fly ash-blast furnace slag blends. in 7th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2015). 2015;108:231-238.
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.142 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Baščarević, Zvezdana, Nikolić, Violeta, "Comparison of two alkali-activated systems: mechanically activated fly ash and fly ash-blast furnace slag blends" in 7th Scientific-Technical Conference on Material Problems in Civil Engineering (Matbud'2015), 108 (2015):231-238,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.142 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Baščarević, Zvezdana
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/900
AB  - This paper analyzes the effects of two different aggressive environments, concentrated ammonium nitrate solution (480 g/dm(3)) and sodium sulphate solution (50 g/dm(3)), on the structure and mechanical strength of fly ash based geopolymers. Geopolymer samples were subjected to the aggressive solutions over a period of 365 days. It was found that exposure to the NH4NO3 and Na2SO4 solutions caused small decrease in geopolymer strength (10-20 %). The most valuable insight into the structural changes caused by testing of the geopolymer samples in the aggressive solutions was provided by means of Si-29 MAS NMR. It was found that the immersion of geopolymer samples in the NH4NO3 solution caused breaking of Si-O-Al bonds in the aluminosilicate geopolymer gel structure. On the other hand, treatment of the geopolymer samples with the Na2SO4 solution resulted in breaking of Si-O-Si bonds in geopolymer gel structure and leaching of Si. It was concluded that the major changes in the geopolymer structure were associated with the changes in the pH values of aggressive solutions during the testing.
PB  - IOP Publishing Ltd, Bristol
C3  - 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies
T1  - The Effects of Aggressive Environments on the Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolymers
VL  - 96
DO  - 10.1088/1757-899X/96/1/012001
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Baščarević, Zvezdana and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Nikolić, Violeta and Džunuzović, Nataša",
year = "2015",
abstract = "This paper analyzes the effects of two different aggressive environments, concentrated ammonium nitrate solution (480 g/dm(3)) and sodium sulphate solution (50 g/dm(3)), on the structure and mechanical strength of fly ash based geopolymers. Geopolymer samples were subjected to the aggressive solutions over a period of 365 days. It was found that exposure to the NH4NO3 and Na2SO4 solutions caused small decrease in geopolymer strength (10-20 %). The most valuable insight into the structural changes caused by testing of the geopolymer samples in the aggressive solutions was provided by means of Si-29 MAS NMR. It was found that the immersion of geopolymer samples in the NH4NO3 solution caused breaking of Si-O-Al bonds in the aluminosilicate geopolymer gel structure. On the other hand, treatment of the geopolymer samples with the Na2SO4 solution resulted in breaking of Si-O-Si bonds in geopolymer gel structure and leaching of Si. It was concluded that the major changes in the geopolymer structure were associated with the changes in the pH values of aggressive solutions during the testing.",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd, Bristol",
journal = "2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies",
title = "The Effects of Aggressive Environments on the Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolymers",
volume = "96",
doi = "10.1088/1757-899X/96/1/012001"
}

Baščarević, Z., Komljenović, M. M., Nikolić, V.,& Džunuzović, N.. (2015). The Effects of Aggressive Environments on the Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolymers. in 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies
IOP Publishing Ltd, Bristol., 96.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/96/1/012001

Baščarević Z, Komljenović MM, Nikolić V, Džunuzović N. The Effects of Aggressive Environments on the Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolymers. in 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies. 2015;96.
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/96/1/012001 .

Baščarević, Zvezdana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Nikolić, Violeta, Džunuzović, Nataša, "The Effects of Aggressive Environments on the Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolymers" in 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies, 96 (2015),
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/96/1/012001 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baščarević, Zvezdana
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Miladinović, Zoran P.
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Petrović, Rada
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/892
AB  - In this paper, geopolymers based on two different fly ash samples were exposed to sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution (50 g/l) over a period of 365 days. It was found that sulfate solution attack caused a small decrease in strength of geopolymer mortars. Analysis of the Na2SO4 solutions by optical emission spectroscopy indicated that exposing of the geopolymer samples to the Na2SO4 solution had caused leaching of one of the elements of the aluminosilicate gel, silicon. Mineralogical analyses of geopolymer samples did not show formation of any new phases due to a reaction with sulfate ions. Changes in aluminosilicate geopolymer gel due to sulfate attack were investigated by electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. It was found that treatment of geopolymer samples with the sulfate solution caused breaking of -Si-O-Si- bonds in aluminosilicate gel structure. Breaking of the -Si-O-Si- bonds and leaching of Si were consequences of the increase in the pH value of sulfate solution during testing.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - Materials and Structures
T1  - Impact of sodium sulfate solution on mechanical properties and structure of fly ash based geopolymers
EP  - 697
IS  - 3
SP  - 683
VL  - 48
DO  - 10.1617/s11527-014-0325-4
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Baščarević, Zvezdana and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Miladinović, Zoran P. and Nikolić, Violeta and Džunuzović, Nataša and Petrović, Rada",
year = "2015",
abstract = "In this paper, geopolymers based on two different fly ash samples were exposed to sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution (50 g/l) over a period of 365 days. It was found that sulfate solution attack caused a small decrease in strength of geopolymer mortars. Analysis of the Na2SO4 solutions by optical emission spectroscopy indicated that exposing of the geopolymer samples to the Na2SO4 solution had caused leaching of one of the elements of the aluminosilicate gel, silicon. Mineralogical analyses of geopolymer samples did not show formation of any new phases due to a reaction with sulfate ions. Changes in aluminosilicate geopolymer gel due to sulfate attack were investigated by electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. It was found that treatment of geopolymer samples with the sulfate solution caused breaking of -Si-O-Si- bonds in aluminosilicate gel structure. Breaking of the -Si-O-Si- bonds and leaching of Si were consequences of the increase in the pH value of sulfate solution during testing.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "Materials and Structures",
title = "Impact of sodium sulfate solution on mechanical properties and structure of fly ash based geopolymers",
pages = "697-683",
number = "3",
volume = "48",
doi = "10.1617/s11527-014-0325-4"
}

Baščarević, Z., Komljenović, M. M., Miladinović, Z. P., Nikolić, V., Džunuzović, N.,& Petrović, R.. (2015). Impact of sodium sulfate solution on mechanical properties and structure of fly ash based geopolymers. in Materials and Structures
Springer, Dordrecht., 48(3), 683-697.
https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0325-4

Baščarević Z, Komljenović MM, Miladinović ZP, Nikolić V, Džunuzović N, Petrović R. Impact of sodium sulfate solution on mechanical properties and structure of fly ash based geopolymers. in Materials and Structures. 2015;48(3):683-697.
doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0325-4 .

Baščarević, Zvezdana, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Miladinović, Zoran P., Nikolić, Violeta, Džunuzović, Nataša, Petrović, Rada, "Impact of sodium sulfate solution on mechanical properties and structure of fly ash based geopolymers" in Materials and Structures, 48, no. 3 (2015):683-697,
https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0325-4 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Džunuzović, Nataša
AU  - Komljenović, Miroslav M
AU  - Baščarević, Zvezdana
AU  - Nikolić, Violeta
AU  - Petrović, R.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/886
AB  - This paper investigated physical mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated binders based on blends of fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS). FA BFS blends were alkali-activated with sodium silicate (water glass) solution. The synthesis of alkali-activated binders was conducted at 95 C during 24 h, with different FA BFS mass ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100), different moduli of alkali activator (SiO2/Na2O: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5) and different alkali activator concentration (% Na2O: 4; 7; 10). The influence of alkali activation conditions on the flexural and compressive strengths, setting time, drying shrinkage and the microstructure of synthesized binders was investigated. It was found that the compressive strength mostly depended on the composition of the FA BFS blends and the water/binder ratio. The setting time highly depended on the activator concentration, while the drying shrinkage was mostly affected by the curing temperature. The blend comprising FA 25% BFS 75%, activated with the activator of modulus 1.0 and the activator concentration of 10% Na2O yielded optimal mortar regarding investigated physical mechanical characteristics. Microstuctural examination showed that the chemical composition of the binding phase varied as a function of the blend composition. Predominance of FA alkali reaction products in the binding phase positively influenced the flexural strength, while the predominance of BFS alkali reaction products positively affected the compressive strength. Optimal characteristics of alkaliactivated binder were related to the following chemical composition of the binding gel: Ca/Si= 0.34-0.50, Al/Si=0.15-0.24, Mg/Si= 0.07-0.16 and Na/Si=0.21-0.37. Empirical values of optimal gel composition could serve as a basis for tailoring the properties of alkali-activated binders based on different industrial waste precursor material.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Ceramics International
T1  - Physical-mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag blends
EP  - 1435
IS  - 1
SP  - 1421
VL  - 41
DO  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.075
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Džunuzović, Nataša and Komljenović, Miroslav M and Baščarević, Zvezdana and Nikolić, Violeta and Petrović, R.",
year = "2015",
abstract = "This paper investigated physical mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated binders based on blends of fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS). FA BFS blends were alkali-activated with sodium silicate (water glass) solution. The synthesis of alkali-activated binders was conducted at 95 C during 24 h, with different FA BFS mass ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100), different moduli of alkali activator (SiO2/Na2O: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5) and different alkali activator concentration (% Na2O: 4; 7; 10). The influence of alkali activation conditions on the flexural and compressive strengths, setting time, drying shrinkage and the microstructure of synthesized binders was investigated. It was found that the compressive strength mostly depended on the composition of the FA BFS blends and the water/binder ratio. The setting time highly depended on the activator concentration, while the drying shrinkage was mostly affected by the curing temperature. The blend comprising FA 25% BFS 75%, activated with the activator of modulus 1.0 and the activator concentration of 10% Na2O yielded optimal mortar regarding investigated physical mechanical characteristics. Microstuctural examination showed that the chemical composition of the binding phase varied as a function of the blend composition. Predominance of FA alkali reaction products in the binding phase positively influenced the flexural strength, while the predominance of BFS alkali reaction products positively affected the compressive strength. Optimal characteristics of alkaliactivated binder were related to the following chemical composition of the binding gel: Ca/Si= 0.34-0.50, Al/Si=0.15-0.24, Mg/Si= 0.07-0.16 and Na/Si=0.21-0.37. Empirical values of optimal gel composition could serve as a basis for tailoring the properties of alkali-activated binders based on different industrial waste precursor material.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Ceramics International",
title = "Physical-mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag blends",
pages = "1435-1421",
number = "1",
volume = "41",
doi = "10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.075"
}

Džunuzović, N., Komljenović, M. M., Baščarević, Z., Nikolić, V.,& Petrović, R.. (2015). Physical-mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag blends. in Ceramics International
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 41(1), 1421-1435.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.075

Džunuzović N, Komljenović MM, Baščarević Z, Nikolić V, Petrović R. Physical-mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag blends. in Ceramics International. 2015;41(1):1421-1435.
doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.075 .

Džunuzović, Nataša, Komljenović, Miroslav M, Baščarević, Zvezdana, Nikolić, Violeta, Petrović, R., "Physical-mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag blends" in Ceramics International, 41, no. 1 (2015):1421-1435,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.075 . .