TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D.
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
AU  - Ivanović, Evica R.
AU  - Branković, Goran
AU  - Stevanović, Sanja I.
AU  - Živković, Predrag M.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/896
AB  - Electrodeposition of lead from the concentrated nitrate electrolyte in the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis has been investigated by the analysis of the potentiostatic current transients and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the process of Pb nucleation from the concentrated electrolyte follows Scharifker model based on the 3D (three-dimensional) instantaneous nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth. The deviations of the obtained dependencies from the theoretical prediction for this model have been also discussed. Needle-like and fern-like dendrites, as well as crystals of irregular shape (precursors of dendrites) were formed in the diffusion controlled electrodeposition. The SEM analysis of these dendritic forms revealed their 2D (two-dimensional) growth. The size of needle-like dendrites was considerably larger than the size of both the fern-like dendrites and the irregular crystals. Although the electrodeposition process occurred inside the linear diffusion layer of the macroelectrode, the shape and size of dendrites were determined by the effect of local diffusion fields formed around tips (spherical diffusion) and top edges (cylindrical diffusion) of protrusions formed in the initial stage of the electrodeposition. The growth rates under the conditions of spherical and cylindrical diffusion control were mutually compared and a faster growth under the conditions of the spherical, in relation to the cylindrical diffusion, was proved. The effect of the current density distribution on formation of the final forms of Pb dendrites was also discussed.
PB  - Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - The potentiostatic current transients and the role of local diffusion fields in formation of the 2D lead dendrites from the concentrated electrolyte
EP  - 148
SP  - 137
VL  - 739
DO  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.020
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D. and Popov, Konstantin I and Ivanović, Evica R. and Branković, Goran and Stevanović, Sanja I. and Živković, Predrag M.",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Electrodeposition of lead from the concentrated nitrate electrolyte in the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis has been investigated by the analysis of the potentiostatic current transients and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the process of Pb nucleation from the concentrated electrolyte follows Scharifker model based on the 3D (three-dimensional) instantaneous nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth. The deviations of the obtained dependencies from the theoretical prediction for this model have been also discussed. Needle-like and fern-like dendrites, as well as crystals of irregular shape (precursors of dendrites) were formed in the diffusion controlled electrodeposition. The SEM analysis of these dendritic forms revealed their 2D (two-dimensional) growth. The size of needle-like dendrites was considerably larger than the size of both the fern-like dendrites and the irregular crystals. Although the electrodeposition process occurred inside the linear diffusion layer of the macroelectrode, the shape and size of dendrites were determined by the effect of local diffusion fields formed around tips (spherical diffusion) and top edges (cylindrical diffusion) of protrusions formed in the initial stage of the electrodeposition. The growth rates under the conditions of spherical and cylindrical diffusion control were mutually compared and a faster growth under the conditions of the spherical, in relation to the cylindrical diffusion, was proved. The effect of the current density distribution on formation of the final forms of Pb dendrites was also discussed.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "The potentiostatic current transients and the role of local diffusion fields in formation of the 2D lead dendrites from the concentrated electrolyte",
pages = "148-137",
volume = "739",
doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.020"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Popov, K. I., Ivanović, E. R., Branković, G., Stevanović, S. I.,& Živković, P. M.. (2015). The potentiostatic current transients and the role of local diffusion fields in formation of the 2D lead dendrites from the concentrated electrolyte. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne., 739, 137-148.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.020

Nikolic ND, Popov KI, Ivanović ER, Branković G, Stevanović SI, Živković PM. The potentiostatic current transients and the role of local diffusion fields in formation of the 2D lead dendrites from the concentrated electrolyte. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2015;739:137-148.
doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.020 .

Nikolic, Nebojša D., Popov, Konstantin I, Ivanović, Evica R., Branković, Goran, Stevanović, Sanja I., Živković, Predrag M., "The potentiostatic current transients and the role of local diffusion fields in formation of the 2D lead dendrites from the concentrated electrolyte" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 739 (2015):137-148,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.020 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D.
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
AU  - Ivanović, Evica R.
AU  - Branković, Goran
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/798
AB  - The processes of Pb electrodeposition under diffusion control were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the formed crystals. The orientation of grains of hexagonal shape formed in the initial stage of electrodeposition strongly affected the final morphology of the Pb crystals. The formation of Pb crystals of the different shape from the same initial shape was discussed in terms of the effect of orientation of initially formed grains on the type of diffusion control. A spherical diffusion layer was formed around the tip of the hexagonal-shaped grain oriented with its tip towards the bulk solution that led to the formation of elongated crystals in the growth process. On the other hand, a cylindrical type of diffusion was responsible for the growth of hexagonal-shaped grains oriented with the lateral side towards the bulk solution. Pb crystals with well-defined sides parallel to the surface area of the macroelectrode were formed under this type of diffusion.
PB  - Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - Effect of the orientation of the initially formed grains on the final morphology of electrodeposited lead
EP  - 1005
IS  - 8
SP  - 993
VL  - 79
DO  - 10.2298/JSC131211006N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D. and Popov, Konstantin I and Ivanović, Evica R. and Branković, Goran",
year = "2014",
abstract = "The processes of Pb electrodeposition under diffusion control were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the formed crystals. The orientation of grains of hexagonal shape formed in the initial stage of electrodeposition strongly affected the final morphology of the Pb crystals. The formation of Pb crystals of the different shape from the same initial shape was discussed in terms of the effect of orientation of initially formed grains on the type of diffusion control. A spherical diffusion layer was formed around the tip of the hexagonal-shaped grain oriented with its tip towards the bulk solution that led to the formation of elongated crystals in the growth process. On the other hand, a cylindrical type of diffusion was responsible for the growth of hexagonal-shaped grains oriented with the lateral side towards the bulk solution. Pb crystals with well-defined sides parallel to the surface area of the macroelectrode were formed under this type of diffusion.",
publisher = "Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "Effect of the orientation of the initially formed grains on the final morphology of electrodeposited lead",
pages = "1005-993",
number = "8",
volume = "79",
doi = "10.2298/JSC131211006N"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Popov, K. I., Ivanović, E. R.,& Branković, G.. (2014). Effect of the orientation of the initially formed grains on the final morphology of electrodeposited lead. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd., 79(8), 993-1005.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC131211006N

Nikolic ND, Popov KI, Ivanović ER, Branković G. Effect of the orientation of the initially formed grains on the final morphology of electrodeposited lead. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2014;79(8):993-1005.
doi:10.2298/JSC131211006N .

Nikolic, Nebojša D., Popov, Konstantin I, Ivanović, Evica R., Branković, Goran, "Effect of the orientation of the initially formed grains on the final morphology of electrodeposited lead" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 79, no. 8 (2014):993-1005,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC131211006N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
AU  - Živković, Predrag M.
AU  - Branković, Goran
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/629
AB  - A new insight into the mechanism of lead electrodeposition from nitrate solutions is presented by analysis of the polarization characteristics and by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the surface morphology of the lead deposits obtained in the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis. In dependence on the concentration of Pb(II) ions, the electrodeposition process is either mixed ohmic-diffusion or completely ohmic controlled. The ratio of the ohmic control to the total control of the electrodeposition process increased with increasing concentration of Pb(II) ions and at the higher concentrations of Pb(II) ions, the electrodeposition process became completely ohmic controlled. The polarization characteristics were well correlated with the morphologies of the obtained lead deposits. The formation of regular crystals was a characteristic of ohmic control of the electrodeposition process, while needle-like and fern-like dendrites were the predominant morphological forms obtained under diffusion control. The critical overpotentials for both dendritic growth initiation and instantaneous dendritic growth were analyzed and a mechanism of lead electrodeposition based on this analysis is presented. It was shown that the values of these critical overpotentials decreased and approached one another with increasing concentration of Pb(II) ions and finally became the same when full ohmic control was attained. The presented results were in good agreement with the predications of the general theory for the formation of disperse metal electrodeposits.
PB  - Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - A new insight into the mechanism of lead electrodeposition: Ohmic-diffusion control of the electrodeposition process
EP  - 76
SP  - 66
VL  - 691
DO  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.011
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D and Popov, Konstantin I and Živković, Predrag M. and Branković, Goran",
year = "2013",
abstract = "A new insight into the mechanism of lead electrodeposition from nitrate solutions is presented by analysis of the polarization characteristics and by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the surface morphology of the lead deposits obtained in the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis. In dependence on the concentration of Pb(II) ions, the electrodeposition process is either mixed ohmic-diffusion or completely ohmic controlled. The ratio of the ohmic control to the total control of the electrodeposition process increased with increasing concentration of Pb(II) ions and at the higher concentrations of Pb(II) ions, the electrodeposition process became completely ohmic controlled. The polarization characteristics were well correlated with the morphologies of the obtained lead deposits. The formation of regular crystals was a characteristic of ohmic control of the electrodeposition process, while needle-like and fern-like dendrites were the predominant morphological forms obtained under diffusion control. The critical overpotentials for both dendritic growth initiation and instantaneous dendritic growth were analyzed and a mechanism of lead electrodeposition based on this analysis is presented. It was shown that the values of these critical overpotentials decreased and approached one another with increasing concentration of Pb(II) ions and finally became the same when full ohmic control was attained. The presented results were in good agreement with the predications of the general theory for the formation of disperse metal electrodeposits.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "A new insight into the mechanism of lead electrodeposition: Ohmic-diffusion control of the electrodeposition process",
pages = "76-66",
volume = "691",
doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.011"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Popov, K. I., Živković, P. M.,& Branković, G.. (2013). A new insight into the mechanism of lead electrodeposition: Ohmic-diffusion control of the electrodeposition process. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne., 691, 66-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.011

Nikolic ND, Popov KI, Živković PM, Branković G. A new insight into the mechanism of lead electrodeposition: Ohmic-diffusion control of the electrodeposition process. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2013;691:66-76.
doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.011 .

Nikolic, Nebojša D, Popov, Konstantin I, Živković, Predrag M., Branković, Goran, "A new insight into the mechanism of lead electrodeposition: Ohmic-diffusion control of the electrodeposition process" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 691 (2013):66-76,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.011 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D
AU  - Branković, Goran
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/473
AB  - Optimization of process of formation of open and porous copper electrodes, denoted as the honeycomb-like ones, by the regime of pulsating current (PC) is considered. The square-waves PC were consisted of the same amplitude current density and pause duration of 10 ms, while the analyzed deposition pulses were: 1, 4, 7, 10 and 20 ms. Morphologies of electrodeposited copper and the quantities of evolved hydrogen during electrodeposition processes were compared with the surface morphology and the quantity of evolved hydrogen obtained by copper electrodeposition in the galvanostatic mode. In galvanostatic mode, electrodeposition of copper was performed at a current density which corresponded to the amplitude current density in the PC regimes. Honeycomb-like deposits were formed at the constant current density and by the PC regimes with deposition pulses of 7, 10 and 20 ms. The mixture of holes constructing the honeycomb-like structure and dish-like holes was obtained with a deposition pulse of 4 ms. Finally, dish-like holes were only formed with a deposition pulse of 1 ms. The change of the shape of holes was discussed by the change of hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer caused by evolved hydrogen. The specific energy consumption in the PC regimes of electrolysis was also discussed. Analysis of the specific energy consumption showed that energy saving of about 15% can be attained in the production of honeycomb-like electrodes by the choice of the appropriate PC regime.
PB  - Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Materials Chemistry and Physics
T1  - Optimization of electrolytic process of formation of open and porous copper electrodes by the pulsating current (PC) regime
EP  - 594
IS  - 3
SP  - 587
VL  - 125
DO  - 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.013
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D and Branković, Goran and Popov, Konstantin I",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Optimization of process of formation of open and porous copper electrodes, denoted as the honeycomb-like ones, by the regime of pulsating current (PC) is considered. The square-waves PC were consisted of the same amplitude current density and pause duration of 10 ms, while the analyzed deposition pulses were: 1, 4, 7, 10 and 20 ms. Morphologies of electrodeposited copper and the quantities of evolved hydrogen during electrodeposition processes were compared with the surface morphology and the quantity of evolved hydrogen obtained by copper electrodeposition in the galvanostatic mode. In galvanostatic mode, electrodeposition of copper was performed at a current density which corresponded to the amplitude current density in the PC regimes. Honeycomb-like deposits were formed at the constant current density and by the PC regimes with deposition pulses of 7, 10 and 20 ms. The mixture of holes constructing the honeycomb-like structure and dish-like holes was obtained with a deposition pulse of 4 ms. Finally, dish-like holes were only formed with a deposition pulse of 1 ms. The change of the shape of holes was discussed by the change of hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer caused by evolved hydrogen. The specific energy consumption in the PC regimes of electrolysis was also discussed. Analysis of the specific energy consumption showed that energy saving of about 15% can be attained in the production of honeycomb-like electrodes by the choice of the appropriate PC regime.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Materials Chemistry and Physics",
title = "Optimization of electrolytic process of formation of open and porous copper electrodes by the pulsating current (PC) regime",
pages = "594-587",
number = "3",
volume = "125",
doi = "10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.013"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Branković, G.,& Popov, K. I.. (2011). Optimization of electrolytic process of formation of open and porous copper electrodes by the pulsating current (PC) regime. in Materials Chemistry and Physics
Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne., 125(3), 587-594.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.013

Nikolic ND, Branković G, Popov KI. Optimization of electrolytic process of formation of open and porous copper electrodes by the pulsating current (PC) regime. in Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2011;125(3):587-594.
doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.013 .

Nikolic, Nebojša D, Branković, Goran, Popov, Konstantin I, "Optimization of electrolytic process of formation of open and porous copper electrodes by the pulsating current (PC) regime" in Materials Chemistry and Physics, 125, no. 3 (2011):587-594,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.013 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D
AU  - Branković, Goran
AU  - Maksimović, Vesna M
AU  - Pavlović, Miomir G.
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/416
AB  - Electrodeposition of copper by pulsating overpotential (PO) regime in the range of hydrogen co-deposition was examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the increase of the pause-to-pulse ratio produced a strong effect on the morphology of electrodeposited copper. Honeycomb-like copper structures were formed with the pause-to-pulse ratios up to 5. Up to this value of the pause-to-pulse ratio, the diameter of the holes formed by attached hydrogen bubbles was decreasing, while their number was increasing by the application of PO regime. The compactness of the formed honeycomb-like structures was also increasing with the increasing pause duration. The increase of the pause-to-pulse ratio suppressed a coalescence of neighboring hydrogen bubbles. Copper dendrites in the interior of the holes and at their shoulders were formed with the higher pause-to-pulse ratios. The size of the formed dendrites, as well as their number, increased with the increasing pause duration. Depth of holes was decreasing with the increasing pause duration. The increased compactness of the obtained structures was explained by the use of a set of equations describing the effect of square-wave PO on electrodeposition process.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
T1  - Application of pulsating overpotential regime on the formation of copper deposits in the range of hydrogen co-deposition
EP  - 338
IS  - 2
SP  - 331
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.1007/s10008-009-0842-1
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D and Branković, Goran and Maksimović, Vesna M and Pavlović, Miomir G. and Popov, Konstantin I",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Electrodeposition of copper by pulsating overpotential (PO) regime in the range of hydrogen co-deposition was examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the increase of the pause-to-pulse ratio produced a strong effect on the morphology of electrodeposited copper. Honeycomb-like copper structures were formed with the pause-to-pulse ratios up to 5. Up to this value of the pause-to-pulse ratio, the diameter of the holes formed by attached hydrogen bubbles was decreasing, while their number was increasing by the application of PO regime. The compactness of the formed honeycomb-like structures was also increasing with the increasing pause duration. The increase of the pause-to-pulse ratio suppressed a coalescence of neighboring hydrogen bubbles. Copper dendrites in the interior of the holes and at their shoulders were formed with the higher pause-to-pulse ratios. The size of the formed dendrites, as well as their number, increased with the increasing pause duration. Depth of holes was decreasing with the increasing pause duration. The increased compactness of the obtained structures was explained by the use of a set of equations describing the effect of square-wave PO on electrodeposition process.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry",
title = "Application of pulsating overpotential regime on the formation of copper deposits in the range of hydrogen co-deposition",
pages = "338-331",
number = "2",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.1007/s10008-009-0842-1"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Branković, G., Maksimović, V. M., Pavlović, M. G.,& Popov, K. I.. (2010). Application of pulsating overpotential regime on the formation of copper deposits in the range of hydrogen co-deposition. in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
Springer, New York., 14(2), 331-338.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-009-0842-1

Nikolic ND, Branković G, Maksimović VM, Pavlović MG, Popov KI. Application of pulsating overpotential regime on the formation of copper deposits in the range of hydrogen co-deposition. in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 2010;14(2):331-338.
doi:10.1007/s10008-009-0842-1 .

Nikolic, Nebojša D, Branković, Goran, Maksimović, Vesna M, Pavlović, Miomir G., Popov, Konstantin I, "Application of pulsating overpotential regime on the formation of copper deposits in the range of hydrogen co-deposition" in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 14, no. 2 (2010):331-338,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-009-0842-1 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D
AU  - Živković, Predrag M.
AU  - Branković, Goran
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/405
AB  - In this study, it is considered: (a) the effect of the exchange current density to the limiting diffusion current density ratio (J(0)/J(L)) at low level of surface coarseness on the polarization characteristics of the electrochemical process, (b) the effect of the shape of surface protrusions oil the electrode surface roughness, and (c) the effect of surface roughness oil the J(0)/J(L) ratio. It was shown that the increase of the value of the j(0)/J(L) ratio produces a decrease of overpotential at fixed value of current density. At selected set of conditions, the j(0)/j(L) ratio cats be increased by the increase of roughness of electrode surface by electrodeposition of disperse deposits at low level of coarseness The increase of the value of the J(0)/J(L) ratio produces large saving of energy required for the evaluation of electrochemical reaction The conditions in which the electrochemical process cats become Ohmic controlled were also specified.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - The effect of the electrode surface roughness at low level of coarseness on the polarization characteristics of electrochemical processes
EP  - 1925
IS  - 6
SP  - 1919
VL  - 55
DO  - 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.085
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popov, Konstantin I and Nikolic, Nebojša D and Živković, Predrag M. and Branković, Goran",
year = "2010",
abstract = "In this study, it is considered: (a) the effect of the exchange current density to the limiting diffusion current density ratio (J(0)/J(L)) at low level of surface coarseness on the polarization characteristics of the electrochemical process, (b) the effect of the shape of surface protrusions oil the electrode surface roughness, and (c) the effect of surface roughness oil the J(0)/J(L) ratio. It was shown that the increase of the value of the j(0)/J(L) ratio produces a decrease of overpotential at fixed value of current density. At selected set of conditions, the j(0)/j(L) ratio cats be increased by the increase of roughness of electrode surface by electrodeposition of disperse deposits at low level of coarseness The increase of the value of the J(0)/J(L) ratio produces large saving of energy required for the evaluation of electrochemical reaction The conditions in which the electrochemical process cats become Ohmic controlled were also specified.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
title = "The effect of the electrode surface roughness at low level of coarseness on the polarization characteristics of electrochemical processes",
pages = "1925-1919",
number = "6",
volume = "55",
doi = "10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.085"
}

Popov, K. I., Nikolic, N. D., Živković, P. M.,& Branković, G.. (2010). The effect of the electrode surface roughness at low level of coarseness on the polarization characteristics of electrochemical processes. in Electrochimica Acta
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 55(6), 1919-1925.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.085

Popov KI, Nikolic ND, Živković PM, Branković G. The effect of the electrode surface roughness at low level of coarseness on the polarization characteristics of electrochemical processes. in Electrochimica Acta. 2010;55(6):1919-1925.
doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.085 .

Popov, Konstantin I, Nikolic, Nebojša D, Živković, Predrag M., Branković, Goran, "The effect of the electrode surface roughness at low level of coarseness on the polarization characteristics of electrochemical processes" in Electrochimica Acta, 55, no. 6 (2010):1919-1925,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.085 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D.
AU  - Branković, Goran
AU  - Pavlović, Miomir G.
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/353
AB  - The formation of honeycomb-like structures in the pulsating overpotential (PO) regime was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The honeycomb-like structures obtained with a square-wave PO of different pause to pulse ratios were compared to the one obtained in the constant potentiostatic regime. Increasing the pause to pulse ratio led to a decrease of the diameter of the holes formed by attached hydrogen bubbles, as well as to an increase in the number of holes formed at the surface area of copper electrodes. The size of the agglomerates of copper grains, of which the walls of the holes were constructed, was reduced with increasing duration of the pause. Also, the uniformity of the honeycomb-like structures was increased by application of the PO regime. It was shown that the effects attained by application of this regime were comparable with those obtained by electrodeposition in a constant potential regime with the addition of specific additives.
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc, New York
T2  - Electrochemistry Communications
T1  - The effects of the pause to pulse ratio in the regime of pulsating overpotential on the formation of honeycomb-like structures
EP  - 424
IS  - 2
SP  - 421
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.12.007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D. and Branković, Goran and Pavlović, Miomir G. and Popov, Konstantin I",
year = "2009",
abstract = "The formation of honeycomb-like structures in the pulsating overpotential (PO) regime was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The honeycomb-like structures obtained with a square-wave PO of different pause to pulse ratios were compared to the one obtained in the constant potentiostatic regime. Increasing the pause to pulse ratio led to a decrease of the diameter of the holes formed by attached hydrogen bubbles, as well as to an increase in the number of holes formed at the surface area of copper electrodes. The size of the agglomerates of copper grains, of which the walls of the holes were constructed, was reduced with increasing duration of the pause. Also, the uniformity of the honeycomb-like structures was increased by application of the PO regime. It was shown that the effects attained by application of this regime were comparable with those obtained by electrodeposition in a constant potential regime with the addition of specific additives.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Inc, New York",
journal = "Electrochemistry Communications",
title = "The effects of the pause to pulse ratio in the regime of pulsating overpotential on the formation of honeycomb-like structures",
pages = "424-421",
number = "2",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.1016/j.elecom.2008.12.007"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Branković, G., Pavlović, M. G.,& Popov, K. I.. (2009). The effects of the pause to pulse ratio in the regime of pulsating overpotential on the formation of honeycomb-like structures. in Electrochemistry Communications
Elsevier Science Inc, New York., 11(2), 421-424.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.12.007

Nikolic ND, Branković G, Pavlović MG, Popov KI. The effects of the pause to pulse ratio in the regime of pulsating overpotential on the formation of honeycomb-like structures. in Electrochemistry Communications. 2009;11(2):421-424.
doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.12.007 .

Nikolic, Nebojša D., Branković, Goran, Pavlović, Miomir G., Popov, Konstantin I, "The effects of the pause to pulse ratio in the regime of pulsating overpotential on the formation of honeycomb-like structures" in Electrochemistry Communications, 11, no. 2 (2009):421-424,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.12.007 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D.
AU  - Branković, Goran
AU  - Maksimović, Vesna M
AU  - Pavlović, Miomir G.
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/307
AB  - Electrodeposition of copper by pulsating overpotential (PO) regime in the hydrogen co-deposition range was examined by the determination of the average current efficiency of hydrogen evolution and by microscopic analysis of the morphology of the formed deposits. The techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy were used for the structural analysis of the copper deposits. Honeycomb-like electrodes were formed with an amplitude overpotential of 1000 mV, a pause of 10 ms, and deposition pulses of 3, 5, 10 and 20 ms. Holes formed by attached hydrogen bubbles were surrounded by dendrites (for deposition pulses of 3 and 5 ms) or agglomerates of copper grains (for 10 and 20 ms). In an interval of deposition pulses between 3 and 10 ms, the length of deposition pulse did not affect the size, number and depth of holes. The change of morphology of copper formed around holes was discussed by the effect of quantity of evolved hydrogen on effectiveness of stirring of solution in the near-electrode layer. The application of square-wave PO with the shorter deposition pulses enabled energy savings in the production of such copper electrodes. For example, the applied deposition pulse of 3 ms enabled energy saving of about 15% in relation to the copper electrode obtained with a deposition pulse of 10 ms (for the unchanged number, size and depth of holes).
PB  - Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - Influence of potential pulse conditions on the formation of honeycomb-like copper electrodes
EP  - 119
IS  - 2
SP  - 111
VL  - 635
DO  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.08.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D. and Branković, Goran and Maksimović, Vesna M and Pavlović, Miomir G. and Popov, Konstantin I",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Electrodeposition of copper by pulsating overpotential (PO) regime in the hydrogen co-deposition range was examined by the determination of the average current efficiency of hydrogen evolution and by microscopic analysis of the morphology of the formed deposits. The techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy were used for the structural analysis of the copper deposits. Honeycomb-like electrodes were formed with an amplitude overpotential of 1000 mV, a pause of 10 ms, and deposition pulses of 3, 5, 10 and 20 ms. Holes formed by attached hydrogen bubbles were surrounded by dendrites (for deposition pulses of 3 and 5 ms) or agglomerates of copper grains (for 10 and 20 ms). In an interval of deposition pulses between 3 and 10 ms, the length of deposition pulse did not affect the size, number and depth of holes. The change of morphology of copper formed around holes was discussed by the effect of quantity of evolved hydrogen on effectiveness of stirring of solution in the near-electrode layer. The application of square-wave PO with the shorter deposition pulses enabled energy savings in the production of such copper electrodes. For example, the applied deposition pulse of 3 ms enabled energy saving of about 15% in relation to the copper electrode obtained with a deposition pulse of 10 ms (for the unchanged number, size and depth of holes).",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "Influence of potential pulse conditions on the formation of honeycomb-like copper electrodes",
pages = "119-111",
number = "2",
volume = "635",
doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.08.005"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Branković, G., Maksimović, V. M., Pavlović, M. G.,& Popov, K. I.. (2009). Influence of potential pulse conditions on the formation of honeycomb-like copper electrodes. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne., 635(2), 111-119.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.08.005

Nikolic ND, Branković G, Maksimović VM, Pavlović MG, Popov KI. Influence of potential pulse conditions on the formation of honeycomb-like copper electrodes. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2009;635(2):111-119.
doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.08.005 .

Nikolic, Nebojša D., Branković, Goran, Maksimović, Vesna M, Pavlović, Miomir G., Popov, Konstantin I, "Influence of potential pulse conditions on the formation of honeycomb-like copper electrodes" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 635, no. 2 (2009):111-119,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.08.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D
AU  - Pavlović, Ljubica J.
AU  - Branković, Goran
AU  - Pavlović, Miomir G.
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/288
AB  - The ionic equilibrium of the species in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system was employed to systematize the conditions of copper electrodeposition leading to the formation of the honeycomb-like structure. The reason why CuSO4 concentrations higher than 0.15 M are unsuitable for the formation of honeycomb-like structures is shown. The range of H2SO4 concentrations enabling the formation of this type of structure was also determined. The conditions leading to the formation of the honeycomb-like structures are: electrodeposition from solutions with lower concentrations of Cu(II) ions (0.15 M CuSO4 and less) in a concentration range from 0.25 to 1.0 M H2SO4, at a temperature of 18.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C and at overpotentials outside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density at which hydrogen evolution is vigorous enough to change the hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer.
PB  - Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd
T2  - Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
T1  - The ionic equilibrium in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system and the formation of the honeycomb-like structure during copper electrodeposition
EP  - 760
IS  - 7
SP  - 753
VL  - 73
DO  - 10.2298/JSC0807753N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D and Pavlović, Ljubica J. and Branković, Goran and Pavlović, Miomir G. and Popov, Konstantin I",
year = "2008",
abstract = "The ionic equilibrium of the species in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system was employed to systematize the conditions of copper electrodeposition leading to the formation of the honeycomb-like structure. The reason why CuSO4 concentrations higher than 0.15 M are unsuitable for the formation of honeycomb-like structures is shown. The range of H2SO4 concentrations enabling the formation of this type of structure was also determined. The conditions leading to the formation of the honeycomb-like structures are: electrodeposition from solutions with lower concentrations of Cu(II) ions (0.15 M CuSO4 and less) in a concentration range from 0.25 to 1.0 M H2SO4, at a temperature of 18.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C and at overpotentials outside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density at which hydrogen evolution is vigorous enough to change the hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer.",
publisher = "Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd",
journal = "Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society",
title = "The ionic equilibrium in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system and the formation of the honeycomb-like structure during copper electrodeposition",
pages = "760-753",
number = "7",
volume = "73",
doi = "10.2298/JSC0807753N"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Pavlović, L. J., Branković, G., Pavlović, M. G.,& Popov, K. I.. (2008). The ionic equilibrium in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system and the formation of the honeycomb-like structure during copper electrodeposition. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Srpsko hemijsko društvo, Beograd., 73(7), 753-760.
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0807753N

Nikolic ND, Pavlović LJ, Branković G, Pavlović MG, Popov KI. The ionic equilibrium in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system and the formation of the honeycomb-like structure during copper electrodeposition. in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2008;73(7):753-760.
doi:10.2298/JSC0807753N .

Nikolic, Nebojša D, Pavlović, Ljubica J., Branković, Goran, Pavlović, Miomir G., Popov, Konstantin I, "The ionic equilibrium in the CuSO4-H2SO4-H2O system and the formation of the honeycomb-like structure during copper electrodeposition" in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 73, no. 7 (2008):753-760,
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0807753N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, Nebojša D
AU  - Branković, Goran
AU  - Pavlović, Miomir G.
AU  - Popov, Konstantin I
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/284
AB  - Formation of irregular deposits by electrodeposition from acid sulfate solutions of various H2SO4 concentrations was examined by the determination of the average current efficiency of hydrogen evolution and by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the copper deposits morphology. Copper dendrites were the dominant morphological form obtained at overpotentials corresponding to the plateaus of the limiting diffusion current density. The number of the formed dendrites was increasing with the decreasing H2SO4 concentration. Holes formed due to the attached hydrogen bubbles were the basic morphological form of electrodeposited copper from all analyzed copper sulfate solutions at overpotentials outside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density. The honeycomb-like structures (holes of the detached hydrogen bubbles with cauliflower-like agglomerates of copper grains between them) were formed if electrodepositions were performed from 0.15 M CuSO4 in both 0.250 M and 1.0 M H2SO4. On the other hand, aside from the holes and cauliflower-like forms, electrodeposition from 0.15 M CuSO4 in 0.125 M H2SO4 led to the formation of degenerated dendrites and dendritic particles inside channels formed of evolved hydrogen. Holes with shoulders of degenerated dendrites were also formed. The formation of different morphological forms under hydrogen co-deposition was discussed in the terms of hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer using the values for the break-off diameter of hydrogen bubbles.
PB  - Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
T1  - The effect of hydrogen co-deposition on the morphology of copper electrodeposits. II. Correlation between the properties of electrolytic solutions and the quantity of evolved hydrogen
EP  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 13
VL  - 621
DO  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.006
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolic, Nebojša D and Branković, Goran and Pavlović, Miomir G. and Popov, Konstantin I",
year = "2008",
abstract = "Formation of irregular deposits by electrodeposition from acid sulfate solutions of various H2SO4 concentrations was examined by the determination of the average current efficiency of hydrogen evolution and by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the copper deposits morphology. Copper dendrites were the dominant morphological form obtained at overpotentials corresponding to the plateaus of the limiting diffusion current density. The number of the formed dendrites was increasing with the decreasing H2SO4 concentration. Holes formed due to the attached hydrogen bubbles were the basic morphological form of electrodeposited copper from all analyzed copper sulfate solutions at overpotentials outside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density. The honeycomb-like structures (holes of the detached hydrogen bubbles with cauliflower-like agglomerates of copper grains between them) were formed if electrodepositions were performed from 0.15 M CuSO4 in both 0.250 M and 1.0 M H2SO4. On the other hand, aside from the holes and cauliflower-like forms, electrodeposition from 0.15 M CuSO4 in 0.125 M H2SO4 led to the formation of degenerated dendrites and dendritic particles inside channels formed of evolved hydrogen. Holes with shoulders of degenerated dendrites were also formed. The formation of different morphological forms under hydrogen co-deposition was discussed in the terms of hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer using the values for the break-off diameter of hydrogen bubbles.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",
title = "The effect of hydrogen co-deposition on the morphology of copper electrodeposits. II. Correlation between the properties of electrolytic solutions and the quantity of evolved hydrogen",
pages = "21-13",
number = "1",
volume = "621",
doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.006"
}

Nikolic, N. D., Branković, G., Pavlović, M. G.,& Popov, K. I.. (2008). The effect of hydrogen co-deposition on the morphology of copper electrodeposits. II. Correlation between the properties of electrolytic solutions and the quantity of evolved hydrogen. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Elsevier Science Sa, Lausanne., 621(1), 13-21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.006

Nikolic ND, Branković G, Pavlović MG, Popov KI. The effect of hydrogen co-deposition on the morphology of copper electrodeposits. II. Correlation between the properties of electrolytic solutions and the quantity of evolved hydrogen. in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2008;621(1):13-21.
doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.006 .

Nikolic, Nebojša D, Branković, Goran, Pavlović, Miomir G., Popov, Konstantin I, "The effect of hydrogen co-deposition on the morphology of copper electrodeposits. II. Correlation between the properties of electrolytic solutions and the quantity of evolved hydrogen" in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 621, no. 1 (2008):13-21,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.006 . .